行政法视野下生态环境损害赔偿制度有效实施的几个基本问题  

Several Basic Problems of the Effective Implementation of the Compensation System for Ecological Environment Damage from the Perspective of Administrative Law

作　　者：黄学贤[1] HUANG Xuexian(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Suzhou University,Suzhou 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第4期61-69,共9页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金青年项目“回应型治理视角下街镇综合执法改革的法治化研究”(22CFX056)。

摘　　要：自2015年起,生态环境损害赔偿制度在吉林等七个省市部署开展改革试点,并于2018年在全国范围内全面试行,取得了一定的成绩。作为中国生态文明建设中一项独具特色的生态环境保护制度,生态环境损害赔偿制度除需进一步完善自身外,尚需在解决基本问题的基础上,进一步协调与相关制度之间的关系。其中,明确界定磋商协议的性质、理顺生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境行政监管之间的关系、协调生态环境损害赔偿制度与行政公益诉讼的关系是几个最为重要的问题。当下应当基于改革试点的经验,不断完善相关法律规定,以实现生态环境损害救济领域法律制度的有机统一,从而为生态环境法典的制定奠定良好的基础。The core of the compensation system for ecological environment damage is to explore the provincial and municipal governments as the right holders to start the consultation process for compensation,and to file the litiga-tion by the right holders if the consultation with the perpetrator fails.The purpose of this system is to address the problem in practice where ecological environment damages are not effectively remedied.As an ecological environ-ment protection system with its own characteristics in the China’s ecological civilization construction,its effective implementation requires not only further improvement of the system itself but also the coordination with related sys-tems.First,it is necessary to clearly define the nature of the consultation agreement.From both the theoretical in-terpretation of administrative agreements and the recent developments in administrative litigation,particularly the judicial interpretation of administrative agreements,the consultation agreements within the compensation system for ecological environment damage fully meet the basic characteristics and essential components of administrative agree-ments.Therefore,it is more appropriate to classify the consultation agreement within the compensation system for ecological environment damage as an administrative agreement.Second,the relationship between the compensation system for ecological environment damage and environmental administrative supervision needs to be clarified.Since the pilot implementation of the compensation system for ecological environment damage,local governments have generally adopted a cautious approach in deciding whether to apply administrative supervision or the ecological envi-ronment damage compensation procedure when facing ecological environment damage.However,this does not elimi-nate the de facto overlap of responsibilities between the two systems.Specifically,when ecological damage occurs,if the relevant legislation has clearly defined the obligations of the parties responsible for the damage and grant

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿制度 磋商协议 行政监管 行政公益诉讼 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]