区际突发事件信息共享机制的制度化构建  

Institutionalized Construction of Inter⁃Regional Emergency Information Sharing Mechanism

作　　者：陈婉玲[1] 胡鹏鹏 CHEN Waning;HU Pengpeng(Economic Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学经济法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第4期70-79,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“区域经济法基本理论研究”(21BFX106)。

摘　　要：突发事件的跨区域扩散性成为现代社会风险危机的本质特征之一,区际应急协同成为必要。在区际应急协同机制中,信息共享是突发事件防范、应对以及恢复的前提与基础。然而,传统行政区行政模式下的区际突发事件信息共享面临着信息壁垒问题突出、共享协议规范性不足和共享理念缺乏等现实困境,其根源在于相关应急法律规范并未建立制度化的信息共享机制。区际突发事件信息共享机制应当是规范化、制度化的规则体系,其核心是制度化的区际突发事件信息共享规则。构建区际突发事件信息共享规则制度,需要明确地方政府的主体地位及其信息共享权责,规范突发事件信息共享的范围与内容,健全区际突发事件信息共享的运行机制,进而提升突发事件区际应急协同能力和治理水平。The cross-regional spread of emergencies has become one of the essential features of risky crises in mod-ern society,and emergency information is a key variable in the transformation of national emergency governance.In-ter-regional emergency information sharing belongs to government data sharing in an extraordinary context,with the goal of inter-regional emergency response coordination and the essence of public resource sharing.The legal basis for emergency information sharing includes not only the general norms of open sharing of government data,but also the norms of emergency response governance.The objective needs of inter-regional emergency response governance have driven the practice of sharing emergency information among local governments.Currently,many regions have carried out certain institutional explorations for inter-regional emergency information sharing,but these practices face the following practical dilemmas:firstly,the problem of emergency information barriers is prominent,and in-formation collection and processing is fragmented;secondly,the normative nature of emergency information sharing agreements is insufficient;lastly,the concept of emergency information sharing lacks,and the motivation for sharing is insufficient.According to transaction cost theory,the root cause of the above problems is the high transac-tion cost of emergency information sharing,i.e.,the lack of institutional arrangements to reduce the transaction cost,which is mainly manifested in the lack of clear authority for emergency information sharing,the lack of sound sharing rules and the lagging behind of the coordination mechanism.Emergency governance requires clear general rules and comprehensive legitimacy guarantee.The essence of emergency information sharing is the allocation of such special resources as emergency information,which must be provided by the law as a distribution tool to ensure the legitimacy and effectiveness of emergency information sharing.Firstly,it is clear that the local government is the main body of t

关 键 词：突发事件信息共享 区域应急一体化 区际应急协同 区际合作 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]