“通报批评”罚的识别标准、运作机制与法律规制  

The Identification Standard,Operation Mechanism and Legal Regulation of Punishment for“Notification of Criticism”

作　　者：雷雨薇 LEI Yuwei(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2024年第4期80-96,共17页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2024年度中国博士后科学基金第75批面上资助项目“醉驾行为‘出罪入行’的实现路径”(2024M750196)。

摘　　要：“通报批评”是《行政处罚法》修改中新增加的一项处罚种类。但在此前,其曾被广泛应用于党政机关、企业事业单位和行业团体内部。因此,为清晰识别个案中的“通报批评”罚,需要对其范围构成、识别标准等先予厘定。此外,“通报批评”罚的行为过程迥异于其他处罚种类,可以被解构为违法信息公开、社会评价与信息规制三个阶段,各行为阶段承担着不同的功能定位。一方面,其暗合了基层执法与社会治理的迫切需要;另一方面,其在实践运行中也暴露出诸多问题,究根溯源,多与三项行为机制自身的风险因素相关。为充分因应这些风险,应从规范违法信息通报范围(内容)、剔除不合理评价因素、控制社会制裁程度等行为过程着手,加强对“通报批评”罚适用的法律规制。Administrative Sanctioning Law(revised in 2021)has incorporated“notification of criticism”into the types of clauses,theoretically filling the gap in the statutory penalty types for reputational penalties(or honor penal-ties),and standardizing the establishment and implementation of such penalties from the legislative source,thereby maximizing the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned.However,the original con-text for the application of“notification of criticism”was extremely broad,and before it was officially included in the types of administrative penalties,it had been often used as an internal management measure within organizations,an internal personnel disciplinary action within administrative organs,or simply as a type of official document used between party and government organs.Therefore,the question arising from the legislative amendments is whether there will be issues with the smooth or rational connection of legal norms themselves when the Administrative Sanc-tioning Law(revised in 2021)indiscriminately incorporates all sanctions named“notification of criticism”into the current penalty system.It is necessary to clarify the following two basic issues:First,there has always been a dis-pute between formalism and substantivism in the interpretation of penalty types,which means that there are also two modes of interpretation for punishment for“notification of criticism”,namely the narrow and the substantive,and a response to this fundamental issue should be made.Second,as a concept in academic classification,punishment for“notification of criticism”exhibits several special characteristics in terms of behavioral structure and consequences compared to other types of penalties.In addition,to effectively alleviate the game relationship between complex and diverse administrative tasks and limited law enforcement resources,many local administrative organs have been con-tinuously seeking governance methods that are low-cost but effective in their law enforce

关 键 词：“通报批评” 行政处罚 名誉罚 违法信息公开 信息规制 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]