弱光低温下微生物肥的抗逆增产作用与施氮量关系研究  

Study on the Relationship between Stress Resistance and Nitrogen Application of Microbial Fertilizer for High Yield under Low Light and Temperature

作　　者：吴晓青 姚靖宇 廖宗文[2] 刘洋洋 陈先玉 Wu Xiaoqing;Yao Jingyu;Liao Zongwen;Liu Yangyang;Chen Xianyu(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640,China;Suining County Agriculture and Rural Water Resources Bureau,Shaoyang 422600,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学,福建福州350002 [2]华南农业大学,广东广州510640 [3]绥宁县农业农村水利局,湖南邵阳422600

出　　处：《气象与减灾研究》2024年第3期221-226,共6页Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research

基　　金：NSFC-广东联合基金(编号:U1701236);广东省重点领域研发计划(编号:2019B020218009)。

摘　　要：气象灾害防御是农业生产中的重大课题,弱光低温是灾害性气象条件的主要影响因子。抗灾常用的措施是人工补光和升温,但难以应用于大田。关于施肥抗弱光低温胁迫的研究多集中在肥料对作物的生理影响,对于施菌肥预防气象灾害的研究较少。文中就微生物肥的抗光温逆境效果进行研究,结果发现:光温逆境危害的原因是光合反应受阻,使碳架(光合产物)减少从而导致氮的有机转化受阻,导致细胞的无机氮增高产生毒害。文中通过施微生物肥提高碳架水平或减少化肥氮用量均获得增产,微生物补碳比化肥对照增产33.8%—39.2%,减氮处理增产仅为4.8%,两者都通过调整碳氮平衡而获得增产。微生物肥抗逆的原理是通过微生物分泌有机碳减少了碳亏缺,从而改善了碳氮平衡,达到主动的高水平碳氮平衡。Meteorological disaster defense is a major challenge in agricultural production.Low temperature and weak light are the main factors of disastrous weather conditions.The commonly used measures for disaster prevention are artificial lighting and temperature increase,but these are difficult to apply in field conditions.Research on fertilization for resistance to low temperature and weak light stress has mostly focused on the physiological effects of fertilizers,with less research on the use of microbial fertilizers to prevent meteorological disasters.This paper investigates the efficacy of microbial fertilizers in resisting light and temperature stress.The results show that the harm caused by light and temperature stress is primarily due to the inhibition of photosynthesis,leading to a reduction in carbon framework(photosynthetic products)and the obstruction of nitrogen organic transformation,resulting in toxic levels of inorganic nitrogen in cells.This study achieved increased yields by using microbial fertilizers to raise the level of carbon framework or reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers.Compared to the control(CK)using chemical fertilizers,microbial carbon supplementation increased yields by 33.8%-39.2%,while reducing nitrogen treatment resulted in a yield increase of 4.8%.Both methods can adjust the carbon-nitrogen balance to obtain increased yields.The principle of stress resistance in microbial fertilizers is to reduce carbon deficiencies through the secretion of organic carbon,which reduces carbon deficit,improves the carbon-nitrogen balance and achieves an active high level of carbon-nitrogen balance.

关 键 词：微生物 氮肥减量 施肥抗逆 弱光低温 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]