施氮量对太湖流域再生稻产量和温室气体排放的影响  

The impact of nitrogen application rate on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissionsof ratoon rice in the Taihu Lake region

作　　者：王潇洁 柳佳蓉 李若林 王世辰 马静[1] 祝贞科 张广斌[1] 徐华[1] WANG Xiaojie;LIU Jiarong;LI Ruolin;WANG Shichen;MA Jing;ZHU Zhenke;ZHANG Guangbin;XU Hua(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Plant Virology,Ningbo University/State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]宁波大学植物病毒学研究所/省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,宁波315211

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第12期2045-2055,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：宁波市科技局重大科技任务攻关项目(2022Z168);国家自然科学基金项目(42177233,42277227)资助。

摘　　要：为探索氮肥施用量对再生稻产量及温室气体排放(CH4和N2O)的影响以及太湖流域再生稻种植的最佳施氮量,本研究于2022年4-10月在江苏宜兴采用静态箱-气相色谱法观测CH4和N2O排放通量,试验设置3种再生季施氮量[FL1:75 kg(N)·hm^(-2);FL2:125 kg(N)·hm^(-2);FL3:175 kg(N)·hm^(-2)],头季均施240 kg(N)·hm^(-2),同时设置不施肥处理(FL0)作为对照,并在水稻收获时测定产量及其构成因子。试验结果显示,促芽肥造成的N2O排放峰值最大,且随施肥量的增加呈线性增加趋势,总量占整个生育期的10.0%~50.7%;两个稻季(头季+再生季)的N2O排放总量为1.30~8.69 kg(N)·hm^(-2),再生季排放量占6.94%-22.7%,再生季N2O排放系数为0.38%~1.71%。两季CH4排放总量为58.1~78.7 kg·hm^(-2),再生季占13.3%-23.8%,CH4排放总量随施氮量增加影响较小。两季水稻总产量为8.33~11.6 t·hm^(-2),再生季占34.0%~46.1%,FL2和FL3的再生季产量分别较FL1增加32.3%和17.4%,这与有效穗数分别增加27.2%和13.5%有关。两季温室气体排放强度为0.26~0.54 t(CO_(2)-eq)·t^(-1),FL3和FL2较FL1分别增加38.5%和10.3%。综上,再生季施氮量为125 kg·hm^(-2)时能获得高产且温室气体排放强度相对较低,是太湖流域蓄留再生稻值得推荐的氮肥施用量。The effects of nitrogen(N)application rate on the yield and greenhouse gas emissions(CH_(4) and N_(2)O)of ratoon rice were investigated to provide a reference for the optimal N application rate for planting ratoon rice in the Taihu Lake region.From April to October 2022,a static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to observe the CH_(4) and N_(2)O emission fluxes of ratoon rice un-der three N fertilization rates[FL1:75 kg(N)·hm^(-2);FL2:125 kg(N)·hm^(-2);FL3:175 kg(N)·hm^(-2)]in Yixing,Jiangsu Province,while setting no fertilization treatment(FL0)as a control.The yield and its constituent factors were observed during the rice harvest.The results showed that the peak N_(2)O emission caused by bud-promoting fertilizer was the highest,and it showed a linear increasing trend with the increase of N fertilization rate;the total amount it caused accounted for 10.0%-50.7%of N_(2)O emissions during the entire growth period.Overall,the total(main reason+ratoon reason)N_(2)O emissions ranged from 1.30 to 8.69 kg(N)·hm^(-2),with 6.94%-22.7%derived from ratoon rice;the N_(2)O emission factor during the ratoon season ranged from 0.38%to 1.71%.Seasonal cu-mulative CH_(4) emissions ranged from 58.1 kg·hm to 78.7 kg·hm^(-2),with 13.3%-23.8%in ratoon rice.Total CH_(4) emissions were not significantly affected by an increase in N application rate.The total rice yield was 8.33–11.6 t·hm^(-2),and the ratoon rice yield contrib-uted 34.0%-46.1%.Compared to FL1,the ratoon season yields of FL2 and FL3 increased by 32.3%and 17.4%,respectively,which was related to an increase in effective panicle number by 27.2%and 13.5%,respectively.The greenhouse gas emission intensity dur-ing the entire growth period was 0.26-0.54 t(CO_(2)-eq)·t^(-1),and compared with FL1,FL3 increased by 38.5%,and FL2 increased by-210.3%.Overall,both high yield and relatively low greenhouse gas emission intensity can be obtained by applying 125 kg(N)·hm in ratoon season.This N application rate is recommended for the ratoon rice in Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：太湖流域 再生稻 温室气体 水稻产量 氮施用量 N_(2)O排放系数 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]