东北半干旱区浅埋滴灌下玉米高产高效的尿素硝酸铵溶液投入阈值  

Input threshold of urea ammonium nitrate solution for high yield and efficiency of maize production under shallow buried drip irrigation in a semi-arid region of northeast China

作　　者：孔丽丽[1] 尹彩侠[1] 侯云鹏[1] 张磊[1] 赵胤凯 刘志全[1] 徐新朋[2] KONG Lili;YIN Caixia;HOU Yunpeng;ZHANG Lei;ZHAO Yinkai;LIU Zhiquan;XU Xinpeng(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China),Changchun 130033,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第12期2081-2093,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD15011044);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220202024NC)资助。

摘　　要：为探明滴灌玉米尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)对尿素的增效作用及适宜投入阈值,在吉林省半干旱区(乾安县)开展连续2年(2020-2021年)的田间定位试验,以UAN为试验材料,设6个氮肥用量[0 kg(N)·hm^(-2)、100 kg(N)·hm^(-2)、140 kg(N)·hm^(-2)、180 kg(N)·hm^(-2)、220 kg(N)·hm^(-2)和260 kg(N)·hm^(-2)],并以尿素优化用量处理[Urea,220 kg(N)·hm^(-2)]为对照,研究玉米产量与构成、干物质积累、叶面积指数、氮素利用率、土壤氮素含量及氮素平衡差异。结果表明,施氮显著提高了玉米产量,并随施氮量增加而增加,当氮肥用量超过180 kg·hm^(-2)后,增产幅度不显著,且高于Urea处理,两年平均增幅为2.02%。增产原因是施用UAN提高了玉米每穗粒数和百粒重。对于施用UAN的处理来说,玉米各生育期叶面积指数、干物质积累量、干物质转运量和吐丝后干物质积累对籽粒贡献率总体随施氮量增加呈增加趋势,当施氮量增至180 kg·hm^(-2)后以上指标不再显著增加,但均高于Urea处理(2021年吐丝后干物质积累对籽粒贡献率除外);氮素回收率、氮素农学利用率和氮素偏生产力随氮肥用量的增加呈下降趋势,且相同氮肥用量下,UAN处理较Urea处理分别提高4.45%、2.09 kg·kg^(-1)和2.09 kg·kg^(-1)。与Urea处理相比,相同用量下UAN处理降低了60~100 cm土壤无机氮含量,使氮素损失量较Urea处理降低7.51%。通过拟合施氮量与玉米产量、氮素回收率和土壤表观氮素损失量,确定UAN适宜用量为188.90 kg·hm^(-2),相应玉米产量为11 863.42 kg·hm^(-2),氮素回收率为44.21%,氮素表观损失量为151.79 kg(N)·hm^(-2)。与传统尿素优化用量处理(Urea)相比,UAN的施用可在降低14.14%氮肥用量的前提下,使得玉米产量增加4.78%,氮素回收率增加7.61%,氮素表观损失量降低29.55%。以理论最高产量施氮量95%为置信区间,确定UAN适宜施氮范围为179~198 kg(N)·hm^(-2)。综上所述,与施用尿素相比,施用UAIn this study,to investigate the synergistic effect and appropriate input threshold of urea ammonium nitrate solution(UAN)under drip irrigation of maize,a two-year field experiment was conducted in Qian’an County in the semi-arid region of Jilin Province in 2020 and 2021 using UAN as the test material.The UAN fertilizer application treatments included 0,100,140,180,220,and 260 kg(N)·hm^(-2),-2 and optimized urea application[Urea,220 kg(N)∙hm of urea]was used as a control.Differences in maize yield,maize components,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,N use efficiency,soil N content,and apparent soil N balance were stud-ied.The results showed that maize yield was significantly affected by N fertilizer application rates,increasing with the increase in N-2 fertilizer application rates.Maize yield was no longer increased significantly exceeding 180 kg(N)∙hm of N fertilizer application-2 rate.The maize yield under N180 treatment[180 kg(N)·hm of UAN]was 2.02%higher than that under the Urea treatment over an average of two years.The yield advantage of the UAN treatments was mainly attributed to the increasing kernel number per ear and 100-kernel weight.The leaf area index,dry matter accumulation amount,translocation amount of dry matter,and contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grains after the silking stage increased with increasing N fertilizer application rate during the maize-2 growth stages.These values under the UAN treatments with>180 kg(N)∙hm were no longer significant increased,while all(exclud-ing contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grains after the silking stage in 2021)were higher than those of Urea treatment.Under UAN treatments,the N recovery efficiency,agronomic N efficiency,and partial factor productivity decreased with increasing-1 N fertilizer application rates.N220 treatment values were increased by 4.45%,2.09 kg∙kg and 2.09 kg·kg^(-1),compared to those of Urea treatment.Compared with the Urea treatment,the UAN treatment,under the same N fertilizer application rat

关 键 词：玉米 浅埋滴灌 尿素硝酸铵溶液 东北半干旱区 氮素利用效率 氮素表观平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]