火干扰对大兴安岭同域分布鹿科动物种群密度与生境利用的影响  

Effects of fire disturbance on population density and habitat use of sympatric deer in Greater Khingan Mountains

作　　者：祁远轴 黄保祥 翟鹏辉 李洋 包衡 姜广顺[1,2] QI Yuanzhou;HUANG Baoxiang;ZHAI Penghui;LI Yang;BAO Heng;JIANG Guangshun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,National Forestry and Grassland Administration Feline Research Center,Harbin 150040,China;Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Inner Mongolia Greater Khingan Mountains Hanma National Nature Reserve Administration,Genhe 022300,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北亚生物多样性研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [3]内蒙古大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区管理局,根河022300

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10535-10544,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基础科研业务费基金资助项目(2572022DS04);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32100392);111项目B20国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305000)。

摘　　要：火对森林生态系统中大型食草动物的生境利用和种间相互作用的驱动,可能受到时空尺度变化和火干扰后植被群落演替的影响。为了揭示火干扰对同域鹿科动物的生境利用与种间互作的影响,于2018—2022年在大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区火干扰区与非火干扰区域,通过网格化布设的红外相机收集狍和驼鹿活动情况,通过随机相遇停留时间模型(Random Encounter and Staying Time REST)分析火干扰与非火干扰区狍和驼鹿的种群密度的差异;基于单变量最优尺度选择与线性混合效应模型(Linear Mixed Effects Model LMM)分析狍和驼鹿生境选择策略,并运用Levins生态位重叠指数评估火干扰在时间尺度上对狍和驼鹿种间的生态位的影响。结果表明,狍与驼鹿的生境利用存在一定的差异,狍主要利用低海拔、缓坡的白桦林区域,而驼鹿主要利用靠近河流区域,但距火干扰区的距离是狍与驼鹿生境利用差异的重要因素;在火干扰区内,演替时间对狍没有明显影响,而驼鹿则偏爱火干扰后的区域,但随着距火干扰时间间隔的延长,植被演替的进行,狍和驼鹿的种间生态位重叠逐渐降低,生态位重叠指数趋于稳定,在火干扰区域中,驼鹿的空间生态位宽度显著低于狍,物种间的生态位分化更明显。火干扰会在一定程度上影响狍与驼鹿的种间竞争,进而保证它们的稳定共存,该结果将为未来开展野生有蹄类生境的林火管理与保护工作提供依据。Fire,as a significant driver in shaping habitat use and interspecific interactions among large herbivores in forest ecosystems,is influenced by variations in spatial and temporal scales,as well as by the vegetation community succession following fire disturbances.To unravel the impact of fire disturbances on habitat use and interspecific interactions of sympatric deer species,such as roe deer and moose,a comprehensive study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 in the Hanma National Nature Reserve located in the Greater Khingan Mountains.In both fire-disturbed and non-fire-disturbed areas,infrared cameras were strategically grid-placed to collect detailed data on the activities and behaviors of roe deer and moose.Utilizing the Random Encounter and Staying Time Model(REST),the study aimed to analyze population density differences between roe deer and moose in fire-disturbed and non-fire-disturbed areas;Additionally,the Habitat Selection Strategies of roe deer and moose were assessed using the Univariate Optimal Scale Selection technique and the Linear Mixed Effects Model(LMM),Furthermore,by employing the Levins′ecological niche overlap index,we can assess the impact of fire disturbances on the temporal scale on the ecological niche of roe deer and moose.The results of the study revealed distinct differences in the habitat use patterns between roe deer and moose,The findings indicated that roe deer favored low-elevation areas with gentle slopes in birch forests,while moose showed a preference for habitats near rivers,Interestingly,the distance from fire-disturbed areas emerged as a significant factor influencing the habitat use differences between the two species.In fire-disturbed regions,the succession time had minimal impact on roe deer,whereas moose exhibited a clear preference for post-fire disturbed areas.With the increasing interval between fire disturbances,vegetation succession is progressing,leading to a gradual reduction in the overlap of ecological niches between roe deer and moose,The ecological niche overl

关 键 词：火烧 驼鹿 狍 生境利用 大兴安岭 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]