哈尼梯田区稻鱼共作模式碳足迹和经济效益综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation on carbon footprint and economic benefits of rice-fish co-cropping mode in the Hani Terraces

作　　者：徐珂 易小燕[1,2] 张英楠 尹昌斌 XU Ke;YI Xiaoyan;ZHANG Yingnan;YIN Changbin(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Research Center for Agricultural Green Development in China,Beijing 100081,China;School of Economics and Management,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业绿色发展研究中心,北京100081 [3]天津农学院经济管理学院,天津300384

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10619-10630,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：亚行贷款农业综合开发长江绿色生态廊道项目“1+N”知识共享与传播平台建设(L3740-PRC);国家建设高水平大学公派联合培养博士研究生项目(202303250080);清华大学中国农村研究院博士论文奖学金项目(202328);中国农业科学院项目哈尼梯田农业生产绿色系统研究(Y2021YJ12)。

摘　　要：哈尼梯田是全球重要农业文化遗产之一,具有极高的生态系统服务价值。稻鱼共作这一环境友好型农业模式的实践与推广,对农田水土资源利用效率提升和农产品价值增值具有积极作用。揭示稻鱼共作模式的碳足迹和经济效益,可以客观评估该模式是否符合哈尼梯田这一传统农业系统可持续发展的要求。已有研究大多以示范区田间试验为基础,不能全面反映小农户家庭的实际生产情况。研究基于哈尼梯田区4县12乡镇20村,共计385份农户微观调查数据,参考联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南(2019年修订版)》,运用生命周期评价方法测算比较稻鱼共作模式和水稻单作模式的碳足迹,同时计算两种模式的净收益以及考虑碳排放的净收益。研究发现:(1)哈尼梯田稻鱼共作模式具有良好的环境效益,单位面积碳足迹为5988.42kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),低于水稻单作模式的6347.90kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2);稻鱼共作模式和水稻单作模式的单位产值碳足迹分别为0.15kgCO_(2)-eq/元和0.22kgCO_(2)-eq/元。(2)对于稻鱼共作模式,生产过程碳足迹和农资投入碳足迹分别占比为60.19%和39.81%,CH_(4)、N_(2)O和化肥投入是碳足迹的重要组成,分别占据41.85%、16.15%和37.86%;对于水稻单作模式,CH_(4)、N_(2)O和化肥投入的碳足迹占比分别为39.42%、17.34%和41.20%。(3)稻鱼共作模式和水稻单作模式的净收益分别为26911.46元/hm^(2)和19049.66元/hm^(2),考虑碳排放的净收益分别为26531.02元/hm^(2)和18646.37元/hm^(2)。研究建议,充分重视稻鱼共作在农业碳减排领域的积极贡献,深入明确实现减排的关键环节,强调稻鱼共作在哈尼梯田稻作系统保护传承中的应用。The Hani Terraces,classified as one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS),exhibit significant ecosystem service values.The adoption and encouragement of rice-fish co-cropping,an environmentally friendly agricultural practice,positively impact the enhancement of farmland water and soil resource utilization efficiency,as well as can provide an objective assessment of its compatibility with the sustainable development of the Hani Terraces,a traditional agricultural system.Current research predominantly relied on field trials conducted in demonstration areas,which may not fully represent the actual production conditions of smallholder households.This study utilized micro-survey data collected from 385 farmers across 40 villages in 12 townships spanning 4 counties within the Hani Terraces area as the research basis.Referring to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(2019 Revision),the carbon footprints of rice-fish co-cropping and rice mono-cropping modes were quantified and compared by employing the life-cycle assessment(LCA)methodology,while simultaneously calculating and net benefits and the net benefits considering carbon emissions for both modes.Results indicated that:(1)The rice-fish co-cropping mode in the Hani Terraces exhibited excellent environmental benefits,with a lower carbon footprint per unit area of 5988.42kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),compared to 6347.90kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)for the rice mono-cropping mode.Additionally,the carbon footprints per unit of output value for rice-fish co-cropping and rice mono-cropping were 0.15kgCO_(2)-eq/yuan and 0.22kgCO_(2)-eq/yuan,respectively.(2)Further analysis showed that in the rice-fish co-cropping mode,the carbon footprint of the production process and agricultural inputs accounted for 60.19%and 39.81%,respectively,and CH_(4),N_(2)O and fertilizer inputs were the important components of the carbon footprint,occupying 41.85%,16.15%and 37.86%,respectively.For the rice

关 键 词：稻鱼共作 水稻单作 碳足迹 经济效益评价 哈尼梯田 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]