酸沉降减弱背景下重庆城郊马尾松林结构特征及土壤性质变化特征  

Structural characteristics and soil properties changes of Pinus massoniana forest in the suburbs of Chongqing under the background of weakened acid deposition

作　　者：张佳怡 王轶浩 余龙飞 高澳寒 邓洁 ZHANG Jiayi;WANG Yihao;YU Longfei;GAO Aohan;DENG Jie(College of Geography and Tourism,Chongqing Normal University;Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station,Chongqing 401331,China 2 Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,三峡库区地表生态过程重庆市野外科学观测研究站,重庆401331 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,深圳518055

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10745-10756,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0741);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202000502);重庆师范大学基金项目(20XLB005);重庆市大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210637032)。

摘　　要：酸雨作为全球性环境问题,给森林生态系统带来极大危害,不过近十多年来我国酸雨状况持续得到改善,在此背景下为科学认识和准确理解酸雨区森林结构与土壤性质变化及响应,以重庆城郊的马尾松林为研究对象,采用原位监测方法,对比分析2011、2021年马尾松林结构特征、土壤水文物理性质、土壤养分与酸化特征及其变化,结果表明:(1)十年期间马尾松林密度、平均树高和胸径均降低,但树种多样性指数均增大。(2)马尾松、杉木等针叶树种重要值、生物量及其占比均下降,其中马尾松下降尤为明显(P<0.05),但阔叶树种均上升,且新增了较多幼树和中大径级树木。(3)各土层容重均减小,而土壤非毛管孔隙均增大,且表层土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度也增大,但底层却减小。(4)各层土壤pH值均降低(P<0.05),但土壤交换性盐基离子含量均增加(P<0.05),且腐殖质层、表层土壤有机质含量也增加。总体上,酸沉降减弱背景下重庆城郊马尾松林结构得到有效改善,土壤水文物理性质得到一定改良,土壤酸化有向好转变趋势,但其进程明显滞后于酸雨控制。Acid rain is a global environmental problem and Chongqing is one of cities where acid rain occurred earliest in China.The acid deposition in the suburbs of Chongqing was extremely serious and exerted a significant threat to forest ecosystem and soil acidification.Pinus massoniana is a common afforestation species in southern China and one of the most dominant vegetation types in this region,but it is extremely sensitive to the hazard of acid deposition.Under the long-term influence of acid rain,Pinus massoniana has undergone significant disturbance.However,in recent years,acid rain has been greatly alleviated in southern China.Under this background,it is necessary to scientifically understand and accurately comprehend the changes and the responses of forest structure and soil properties in acid rain region,and will provide a scientific basis for the assessment of forest adaptability in the later stage of acid rain impact and forest sustainable management.However,previous studies have mainly focused on the short-term effect of acid deposition on structure and function of Pinus massoniana forests.A long-term study of Pinus massoniana forests in response to the gradual control of acid rain has not been so far.Over the past decade,we monitored the changes of structural characteristics,soil hydro-physical properties,soil nutrients and acidification characteristics of Pinus massoniana forest in the suburbs of Chongqing.The results showed that the density,average tree height and average diameter at breast height(DBH)of Pinus massoniana forest decreased after ten years,but species diversity index increased.Importance value,biomass and its proportion of coniferous species including Pinus massoniana and Cuninhama lanceolata decreased,with Pinus massoniana declining the most(P<0.05);by contrast,the broadleaf species increased,with more young trees and medium to large diameter-trees added.Soil bulk density of each soil layer decreased,while soil non-capillary porosity increased.Total porosity and capillary porosity of the to

关 键 词：林分结构 土壤酸化 城郊森林 时间变化 恢复 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S791.248