20年来鄂尔多斯市草地产草量变化及草畜平衡  

Changes in grassland yield and grassland-livestock balance in Ordos City over the past 20 years

作　　者：汤昕 张福平 冯起 马晓薇 TANG Xin;ZHANG Fuping;FENG Qi;MA Xiaowei(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10887-10896,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西师范大学“一带一路”专项科研项目(22YDYLZ011)。

摘　　要：近年,由于过度放牧等对草地的不合理利用,使得草地生物量剧减,导致牧草质量下降,畜牧业减产等一系列问题,严重影响了当地生态和经济的可持续发展。研究结合草畜平衡理论,以鄂尔多斯市草地为研究对象,基于修正的CASA模型反演草地生物量,估算了草地产草量,并结合实际载畜量数据,利用草地载畜压力指数衡量了不同草地类型下的草畜平衡状况。结果表明:(1)全市多年平均产草量为648.8kg/hm^(2),且逐年产草量呈波动上升趋势,在空间上,呈东高西低的分布格局;在不同草地类型下,温性草原、温性草甸草原的产草量大于温性荒漠草原和温性荒漠的产草量;(2)全市草地长期处于超载状态且大部分地区载畜压力略有加剧。空间上东部温性草原、温性草甸草原载畜压力小于西部温性荒漠草原和温性荒漠;(3)草地载畜压力变化主要受降水和人为放牧的影响,干旱年份载畜压力较大。在2011年实行草原生态补助奖励机制后,草地得到一定程度的恢复,草地载畜压力变化较为稳定。In recent years,due to excessive grazing and other irrational utilization of grasslands,the biomass of grasslands has significantly decreased,leading to a series of problems such as decreased forage quality and reduced livestock production,which has seriously affected the sustainable development of the local ecology and economy.In this context,this study used the theory of grassland-livestock balance and takes Ordos grassland as the research object.Based on the modified CASA model,the vegetation NPP was inverted,and the forage yield in the grassland was estimated.Combined with actual livestock-carrying capacity data,the livestock-carrying pressure index was used to measure the grassland-livestock balance status of different grassland types.The results showed that:(1)The average annual forage yield in the Ordos region from 2000 to 2020 was 648.8kg/hm^(2),and the forage yield showed a fluctuating upward trend year by year.The forage yield in the east was higher than that in the west.Under different grassland types,the grass yield of warm steppe and warm meadow steppe was greater than that of warm desert steppe and warm desert.(2)The grasslands in Ordos City have been in an overloaded state for a long time,and the livestock-carrying pressure has slightly increased in most areas.In terms of space,the livestock-carrying pressure on warm steppe and warm meadow steppe in the eastern region was lower than that on warm desert steppe and warm desert in the western region.(3)The changes in livestock-carrying pressure were mainly influenced by precipitation and human grazing,and the livestock-carrying pressure was greater in dry years.After the implementation of the grassland ecological subsidy and reward mechanism in 2011,the grassland has been restored to a certain extent,and the changes in livestock-carrying pressure on the grassland were relatively stable.

关 键 词：鄂尔多斯 产草量 草地载畜压力 草畜平衡 

分 类 号：S812.5[农业科学—草业科学]