城市绿地花粉致敏研究进展  

Research progress on pollen allergy in urban green spaces

作　　者：周伟奇[1,2] 邓文萱 秦海明 ZHOU Weiqi;DENG Wenxuan;QIN Haiming(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10936-10952,共17页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：城市格局演变的生态环境效应与调控技术(2022YFF1301100);城市景观格局与生态过程(42225104);深圳市生态环境局深圳市陆域生态调查评估(2021—2025年)(SZCG2023000545)。

摘　　要：城市绿地中部分植物产生的气传花粉具有致敏性,可引发城市居民的花粉过敏症,因而城市绿地成为城市花粉致敏问题的主要来源和研究区域。随着城市化进程的推进,花粉过敏症越来越普遍,且存在长期致敏隐患,成为一个广受关注的城市居民健康问题。基于20世纪以来的花粉致敏研究热点和发展趋势,综述了城市绿地致敏花粉的监测、花粉致敏性的评价方法、花粉致敏的影响因素,以及花粉致敏风险预测。针对花粉致敏现象的成因、地区差异、危害与风险等分析评价不明朗,以及研究主题之间联系性不强等问题,系统归纳了致敏花粉的采集方法、种类与时空分布规律,阐明了评价花粉致敏性的各类方法与适用性条件,分析了影响花粉致敏的城市生态因子,提出了花粉致敏风险预警与防范措施,并指出了未来的发展方向。可为缓解花粉致敏问题提供研判基础、为防控致敏风险提供优化方案、为建立花粉致敏研究体系提供科学依据,进而降低花粉致敏对城市宜居性带来的不良影响。The airborne pollen produced by some plants in urban green spaces has allergenicity,which can cause pollen allergy among urban residents.Therefore,urban green spaces have become the main source and research area of urban pollen allergy problems.With the advancement of urbanization,pollen allergy is becoming increasingly common and poses a long-term risk,becoming a widely concerned health issue for urban residents.This article is based on the research hot spots and development trends of pollen allergy since the 20th century,summarizing the monitoring of urban green space allergenic pollen,evaluation methods of pollen allergy,influencing factors of pollen allergy,and prediction of pollen allergy risk.Regarding the unclear analysis and evaluation of the causes,regional differences,hazards and risks of pollen allergy,as well as the weak connection between research topics,the article systematically summarizes the collection methods,species and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of allergenic pollen,elucidates various methods and applicability conditions for evaluating pollen allergy,analyzes the urban ecological factors that affect pollen allergy,proposes pollen allergy risk warning and prevention measures,and points out the future development direction.The article can provide a basis for alleviating pollen allergy problems,optimizing solutions for preventing and controlling allergy risks,and providing scientific basis for establishing a pollen allergy research system,thereby reducing the adverse effects of pollen allergy on urban livability.

关 键 词：花粉过敏 致敏花粉 花粉监测 花粉致敏影响因素 花粉致敏性评价 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学] TU985.12[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]