不同尺度光伏电站的生态效应  

Exploration of ecological effects of photovoltaic power stations at different scales

作　　者：赵春黎 马文勇 张雅京 程恩起 曹飞 孙浩 严岩[2] 郭佳玮 ZHAO Chunli;MA Wenyong;ZHANG Yajing;CHENG Enqi;CAO Fei;SUN Hao;YAN Yan;GUO Jiawei(Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment the People′s Republic Of China,Beijing 100092,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;National Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing for Environmental Protection,Beijing 100092,China;International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100092 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]国家环境保护卫星遥感重点实验室,北京100092 [4]可持续发展大数据国际研究中心,北京100094 [5]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,数字地球重点实验室,北京100094 [6]生态环境部环境发展中心,北京100029

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第23期10964-10973,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(42207523);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72174193)。

摘　　要：双碳背景下光伏产业发展潜力巨大,未来或将占能源装机总量的40%。大规模光伏电站必然对当地生态系统产生复杂影响,更突显了探究光伏电站发展与生态保护之间平衡关系的重要性。基于文献综述的方法,提出“微观局地-宏观区域-全球尺度”的光伏电站多尺度生态影响路径和概念框架,梳理了光伏在全生命周期不同环节的外部性生态环境影响,其负外部性以光伏组件生产和报废环节的环境污染、资源浪费问题为主,正外部性,表现在其在运营期间各项生态功能的提升、及在全球变化减缓方面的贡献。综述了各尺度所关注的研究方向和主要评估指标:在局地微观尺度,光伏电站主要影响地表温度、空气湿度和局地风速、土壤和植被等要素和指标;在宏观区域尺度,更多研究光伏电站对区域生态系统服务、对生态和经济效益的影响和改变,以及光伏与区域生态保护修复协同发展的潜在方向;在全球尺度重点关注对气候、生物多样性等全球性问题的作用;并探讨了不同多尺度下生态影响和效应的关联关系。研究可以为光伏电站和区域生态的协同发展提供理论依据。Under the dual objectives of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality,the photovoltaic(PV)industry holds tremendous development potential.It is estimated that PV could contribute to approximately 40%of the total installed energy capacity in the future.The establishment of large-scale PV power stations will inevitably lead to complex and multifaceted impacts on the local ecosystem.Therefore,it is crucial to explore and strike a balance between the development of PV power stations and ecological protection.This study employs a literature review method to propose a multi-scale ecological impact pathway and conceptual framework for PV power,encompassing“micro-local,macro-regional,and global scales.”The study systematically examines the external ecological environment impacts of PV power at different stages throughout its life cycle.The analysis identifies the negative externalities predominantly arising from environmental pollution and resource wastage during the production and disposal phases of PV components.Conversely,the positive externalities are highlighted during the operational phase,where PV power contributes to the enhancement of various ecological functions and plays a significant role in global change mitigation.On a micro-local scale,the research focuses on the primary effects of PV power stations on surface temperature,air humidity,local wind speed,soil,and vegetation.These micro-scale impacts are critical as they directly influence the immediate environment surrounding PV installations.At the macro-regional scale,the study delves into the broader impacts and changes brought about by PV power stations on regional ecosystem services.It evaluates the ecological and economic benefits,emphasizing the potential for synergistic development between PV installations and regional ecological protection and restoration efforts.This level of analysis is essential for understanding how regional policies and planning can integrate PV development with ecological conservation strategies.At the global sca

关 键 词：生态效应 光伏电站 协同发展 外部性 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]