侵权责任视角下的气候变化私益诉讼:在能动与谦抑之间  

Private Interest Litigation on Climate Change from the Perspective of Tort Liability:Between Activism and Modesty

作　　者：李佩霖 LI Pei-lin(Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期75-83,共9页Journal of North China Electric Power University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“陆海统筹生态环境治理法律制度研究”(21A2D062)。

摘　　要：从侵权责任视角来看,气候变化私益诉讼难以符合损害概念与因果关系概念的要求。但在域外司法实践中气候变化私益诉讼已有被受理的先例,且案件取得了实质性的进展。这一理论与实践的出入背后,是围绕气候变化问题的司法谦抑与社会需求相互冲突的体现。平衡司法职能与社会效果,温和的司法能动主义应当是气候变化私益诉讼的路径追求。具体而言,可设立气候变化损害赔偿基金这一财团法人,将从温室气体排放行为到个人所遭受的不利益之间较长的传递链拆分为两段,通过公法手段确立温室气体排放者向基金缴纳赔偿金的义务,气候变化私益诉讼则成为了个人与基金财团法人之间的诉讼,以此化解气候变化私益诉讼所面临的损害概念与因果关系概念的理论困境。From the perspective of tort liability,climate change private interest litigation is difficult to meet the requirements of the concept of damage and causation.However,in extraterritorial judicial practice,the precedent of climate change private interest litigation has been accepted,and the case has made substantial progress.Behind this discrepancy between theory and practice is the reflection of the conflict between judicial modesty and social needs surrounding climate change.To balance judicial function and social effect,moderate judicial activism should be the path to pursue private interest litigation on climate change.Specifically,the climate change Damage Compensation Fund can be established as a consortium to split the long transmission chain from greenhouse gas emission behavior to the individual's disinterest into two segments,establish the obligation of greenhouse gas emitters to pay compensation to the fund through public law,and render climate change private interest litigation between individuals and the fund consortium legal person.In this way,the theoretical dilemma between the concept of damage and the concept of causation faced by private interest litigation on climate change can be resolved.

关 键 词：气候变化 “双碳” 诉讼 损害赔偿基金 司法能动主义 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]