2022年枯水情势下三峡库区冲淤特性分析  

Analysis of Scouring and Silting Characteristics in the Three Gorges Reservoir area Under the Dry Water Situation in 2022

作　　者：王珂[1,2] 史红玲[1,2] 袁晶 张帮稳 WANG Ke;SHI Hong-ling;YUAN Jing;ZHANG Bang-wen(State Key Laboratory of Watershed and Water Cycle Simulation and Control,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Sediment Science and Northern River Training,the Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利部泥沙科学与北方河流治理重点实验室,北京100048 [3]长江水利委员会水文局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第12期117-122,129,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20237,52209104);三峡后续工作项目(12630100100023J046)。

摘　　要：基于2022年长江流域下半年的枯水形势,并结合水库调度对2022年三峡库区干流的冲淤特性进行了分析。研究结果显示,2022年三峡库区汛期来水偏枯,入库沙量显著减少,库区干流全年泥沙淤积量仅0.11亿t,为建库以来历史最低。防洪库容内也出现罕见的全河段性冲刷;在消落期,长江上游来水偏丰、坝前水位消落较快,库尾冲刷量大,消落期减淤调度成效显著;2022年严重的汛期反枯现象导致汛期内库区淤积量较正常年份显著偏少,6-9月三峡库区干流淤积泥沙474万t,且仅占全年淤积量的41.7%;除此之外,汛期反枯还导致2022年三峡水库汛期坝前水位长时间偏低,使得坝前河段冲刷强度显著增大。This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the erosion and deposition patterns in the mainstream area of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in 2022,considering the dry water conditions in the second half of the Yangtze River Basin.The analysis is conducted in conjunction with the operation of the reservoir.The results show that the inflow of the TGR in 2022 in the flood season is significantly less than that in previous years,showing a reverse dry phenomenon.At the same time,the amount of incoming sediment in flood season also de⁃creased significantly.The annual sediment deposition in the TGR area is 0.11 billion tons,which is the lowest in history since the establish⁃ment of the reservoir.There is also a rare whole river erosion in the flood control reservoir capacity.During the drawdown period,the incom⁃ing water in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively abundant,and the water level in front of the dam drops rapidly.The scouring volume at the tail of the reservoir was large,and the effect of sediment reduction scheduling during the drawdown period is remarkable.The anti-dry phenomenon in the flood season in 2022 results in a significant decrease in the amount of siltation in the TGR area during the flood season compared with the normal year.From June to September,the amount of siltation in the mainstream of the TGR area was 4.74 million tons,accounting for only 41.7%of the annual siltation.In addition,the low water level in the flood season also leads to the low water level in front of the dam for a long time in the flood season of the TGR in 2022.This is also the main reason for the significant increase in the erosion intensity of the river section in front of the dam compared with previous years.

关 键 词：三峡水库 水库淤积 汛期反枯 水库调度 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]