受气候变化影响的水电站溢洪道泄流能力模型试验研究  

Physical Model Study on Discharge Capacity of Spillway of Hydropower Stations Facing Climate Change Impact

作　　者：杨艳 周劲峰 句亚伟 赵思汗 曹长冲 朱宝 李丹[2] YANG Yan;ZHOU Jing-feng;JU Ya-wei;ZHAO Si-han;CAO Chang-chong;ZHU Bao;LI Dan(China Three Gorges International Corporation,Beijing 101100,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡国际能源投资集团有限公司,北京101100 [2]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第12期151-155,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

摘　　要：为了积极应对气候变化导致的入库径流变化,许多老旧水库需要评估在坝顶加装挡墙等改造工程措施后溢洪道泄流能力的变化,以便于制定水库安全运行管理措施。以某一老旧水库为研究对象,基于理论分析给出了堰流异型隔墩的修正系数、计算过堰水流泄流能力的统一公式以及过堰水流流动类别判别方法,通过物理模型试验得出水库的水位流量关系和过堰水流流动类型,确定隔墩修正系数及综合流量系数随堰上水头的变化规律和流动类型转变条件。研究成果表明:堰流和孔口出流的过堰水流泄流能力呈现出显著的差异,过堰水流的统一公式适用于评估坝顶加装挡墙的泄流能力,综合流量系数与堰上水头在堰流情况下是二次曲线关系,在孔口出流情况下是线性关系,隔墩修正系数与堰上水头和隔墩形状参数的比值之间呈现近似线性关系。研究成果可作为选用坝顶加装挡墙来应对气候变化的水电站溢洪道泄流能力评估提供理论依据。To cope with the change of inflow runoff caused by climate change,many old reservoirs need to evaluate the change of discharge capacity of spillway after installing retaining wall or other renovation measures,to formulate safe operation and management measures of res⁃ervoir.Taking an old reservoir as a study case,the formula of the correction coefficient of weir pier,a unified formula for calculating the dis⁃charge capacity of different weir flow type,the classification method of weir flow type were obtained based on theoretical analysis,the rela⁃tionship between water level and discharge and the flow type of weir flow are observed through physical model tests,and then the relation of the correction coefficient for weir pier and comprehensive discharge coefficient with water head and the change condition of flow type are de⁃termined based on the observed data.The research results show that:the discharge capacity of weir flow is significantly different for weir flow and orifice flow,the unified formula is suitable and practical for such case,the relationship between the comprehensive discharge coefficient and the water head is quadratic for weir flow and linear for orifice flow,and the relationship between the coefficient of pier correction and the ratio of water head and pier shape parameters is an approximate linear.These results can be used as a theoretical basis for the assessment of the discharge capacity of the spillway of hydropower station with the addition of retaining wall to the dam roof to cope with climate change.

关 键 词：气候变化 溢洪道 泄流能力 物理模型试验 

分 类 号：TV73[水利工程—水利水电工程]