宽浅式溢洪道差动式鼻坎侧壁破坏成因及修复体型研究  

Study on Damage Causes and Repair Shape of Differential Flip Bucket Side Wall of Wide-shallow Spillway

作　　者：乔会超 刘志明 尹进步[1] 和尚清 朱光明 武衡 QIAO Huic-hao;LIU Zhi-ming;YIN Jin-bu;HE Shang-qing;ZHU Guang-ming;WU Heng(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shannxi Province,China;PowerChina Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第12期226-233,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(2023-JC-QN-0387)。

摘　　要：针对某宽浅式溢洪道差动式鼻坎在泄洪时出现的侧壁破坏问题,采用原型观测与数值模拟相结合的研究方法对该差动式鼻坎进行研究。初步试验结果显示:差动式鼻坎侧壁处负压和高流速联合作用是造成其空蚀破坏的主要原因。拟采用在差动坎末端增设合适宽度的鱼尾坎来提高差动坎抗空蚀性能,通过正交试验对不同型式鱼尾型挑坎研究发现:随鱼尾坎宽度的增加,各测点压力和空化数均有明显增加,坎间底板压强随差动坎高度的增加而增加;挑流水舌水面线最高点在高、中、低坎中存在明显差异,较原设计体型分别增加2.59、0.89和-1.41 m;各差动坎体型消能率均在40%以上。中坎+1.0 m鱼尾坎体型在抗空蚀性能和挑流水舌的水力特性均能满足工程实际需求,该体型可作为推荐修复体型。该研究成果可为同类差动式鼻坎优化设计提供借鉴。Aiming at the problem of side wall damage of differential flip bucket in a wide-shallow spillway during flood discharge,prototype observation and numerical simulation were used to study the differential flip bucket.Preliminary test results show that the combined action of negative pressure and high flow velocity at the side wall of differential flip bucket is the main cause of cavitation damage.It is proposed to increase the cavitation resistance of differential bucket by adding fishtail bucket with appropriate width at the end of differential bucket.By using an orthogonal test,it is found that with the increase of fishtail bucket width,the pressure and cavitation number of each measuring point increase obviously,and the bottom plate pressure between buckets increases with the increase of differential bucket height.The highest point of the water surface line of the spout is different in the high,middle and low ridges,which are 2.59,0.89 and-1.41 m higher than the original design.The energy dissipation rate of each differential bucket is above 40%.The anti-cavitation performance and the hydraulic characteristics of the flip bucket with middle bucket+1.0 m fishtail bucket can meet the actual needs of the project,and it can be used as a recom‐mended repair shape.The research results can provide a reference for the optimization design of similar differential flip bucket.

关 键 词：宽浅式溢洪道 差动式鼻坎 鱼尾坎 空蚀破坏 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]