面向农户的灌区ET/EC/ES目标协同管控模型建置  

ET/EC/ES Target Collaborative Management and Control Model of Irrigation areas for Farmers

作　　者：王欢 WANG Huan(China Irrigation and Drainage Development Center,Beijing 100054,China)

机构地区：[1]中国灌溉排水发展中心,北京100054

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第12期234-240,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：全球环境基金(TF0A2428)。

摘　　要：现阶段灌区的水短缺、水污染、生态退化问题已严重威胁区域粮食安全与社会稳定,科学解决灌区面临的水安全问题迫在眉睫。以河北平原某地下水灌区为研究案例,引入3E协同管控理念,构建了一个面向农户尺度的耗水目标(ET)、环境容量目标(Environmental Capacity,EC)、生态服务目标(Ecological Services,ES)相协同的水资源综合管理模型。模型主要基于系统动力学理论,集成了ET/EC/ES目标值分配与措施影响模拟评价模块,可将灌区尺度的ET/EC/ES目标管控责任精准落实到户,并实现对农户采取调整措施前后的3E目标达成效果的定量模拟与评估。所构建的水资源综合管理模型可有效将3E的区域目标下行分配至农户,明确每一个农户支撑区域3E目标协同管控的地下水取水限额及农田化肥用量限额。此外,模型能从用水量、耗水量、污染物排放量、农户收益等多个角度对农户拟采取的改进措施进行定量评估,可为农户选择管控行动提供技术指导。案例研究结果表明灌溉面积调整措施、灌溉方式调整措施、农艺措施或集成应用对灌区ET/EC/ES目标的协同管控具有重要促进作用。综上可得,本文提出的面向农户层面的地下水灌区ET/EC/ES目标协同管控模型为科学解决地下水灌区复杂交织的水资源与水环境综合管理问题提供了一个全新的解决思路和方案,可供我国其他类似地区参考借鉴。Water scarcity,pollution,and ecological degradation in irrigation areas significantly jeopardize regional food security and social stability.It is essential to systematically tackle the issue of water security in irrigation regions.This study utilizes the 3E management concept,focusing on a groundwater irrigation district in the Hebei Plain as a case study,and formulates an integrated model for water resources and environmental management for farmers in groundwater irrigation areas,which aligns with targets for water consumption(ET),environmental capacity(EC),and ecological services(ES).The model is fundamentally grounded in system dynamics theory,with two modules for assignment of target values for ET/EC/ES and simulation&assessment of measurements,and can effectively allocate the comprehensive management responsibilities for the protection of water resources,the water environment,and ecological conservation in irrigation areas to farmers while also quantitatively simulating and assessing the performance of 3E target attainment before and after the implementation of adjustment measures by farmers.The results demonstrate that the established comprehensive management model effectively allocates regional 3E targets to farmers while delineating the groundwater extraction limit and fertilizer application limit for each farmer to facilitate regional 3E target management.The model can statistically evaluate the farmers′enhancement strategies from multiple perspectives,including water use,water consumption,pollutant emissions,and farmer income,and it can further offer technical advice to farmers for selecting control measures.The case study indicates that the single or integrated application of irrigation area adjustment,irrigation method modification,and agronomic practices is essential for the coordinated management of ET/EC/ES objectives in the irrigation area.This study illustrates that the proposed farmer-level ET/EC/ES target-coordinated control system for groundwater irrigation areas offers a novel scientific s

关 键 词：水资源短缺 水污染 生态保护 地下水灌区 系统动力学 农户 

分 类 号：TV23.9[水利工程]