不同栽培基质营养水平及对茄子生长的影响  

Nutrient levels of different cultivation substrates and their effects on the growth of eggplant

作　　者：孟昕 金凤兰 汪蕾 苏萍萍 王梦怡 Meng Xin;Jin Fenglan;Wang Lei;Su Pingping;Wang Mengyi(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300392

出　　处：《天津农学院学报》2024年第6期34-38,43,共6页Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University

基　　金：天津农学院科学研究发展基金计划项目(20190111);大学生创新创业训练项目(202210061150)。

摘　　要：利用农业废弃物作为有机生态型无土栽培基质,对于降低生产成本、减少水肥药等投入、提高作物产量等方面具有深远意义。本研究以菇渣、玉米秆等农业废弃物与蛭石进行不同配比为基质进行茄子的盆栽试验,分析不同配比基质的p H值、EC值及养分含量,以及基质对茄子生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在茄子栽培前后各配比基质的养分含量总是显著高于土壤(对照),各处理基质优劣顺序为蛭石∶菇渣∶玉米秆=5∶3∶2(体积比),蛭石∶菇渣∶玉米秆=4∶3∶3,蛭石∶菇渣∶玉米秆=6∶2∶2,土壤。基质栽培的茄子在形态、产量和单果重方面都显著高于土壤,并且蛭石∶菇渣∶玉米秆=5∶3∶2处理为最佳基质配比。本研究为设施茄子栽培和充分利用农业废弃物资源提供科学依据和技术参考。Using agricultural waste as eco-organic soilless culture substrate has far-reaching significance for reducing production cost,reducing input of water,fertilizer and medicine,and improving crop yield.In this study,eggplant was pot-planted with substrate materials including different ratio of mushroom residue,corn stalk and vermiculite,and the pH value,EC value and nutrient contents of different substrate ratios were analyzed,as well as the effect of substrate to growth and yield of eggplant.The results showed that the nutrient content of each compound substrate was always significantly higher than that of soil(control)before and after eggplant cultivation,and the order of superiority of each treatment was as follows∶vermiculite∶mushroom residue∶corn stalk=5∶3∶2(volume ratio),vermiculite∶mushroom residue∶corn stalk=4∶3∶3,and vermiculite:mushroom residue:corn stalk=6∶2∶2,soil.The morphology,yield and single weight of eggplant fruit under substrate cultivation were significantly higher than those in soil,and the ratio of vermiculite∶mushroom residue∶corn stalk=5∶3∶2 was the best composite matrix ratio in this experiment.This study provides scientific basis and technical reference for facility eggplant cultivation and full utilization of agricultural waste resources.

关 键 词：有机生态型无土栽培 菇渣 玉米秆 养分含量 茄子 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]