华南古大陆演化及其资源环境效应——从哥伦比亚到冈瓦纳  

Evolution of the South China Paleocontinent and Related Resource-Environmental Developments:From Columbia to Gondwana

作　　者：王剑 崔晓庄 王伟[5] 姚卫华 杜秋定 沈利军 陈风霖 WANG Jian;CUI XiaoZhuang;WANG Wei;YAO WeiHua;DU QiuDing;SHEN LiJun;CHEN FengLin(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Qiangtang Institute of Sedimentary Basin,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey(Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China),Chengdu 610218,China;Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chengdu 610218,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519080,China;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]油气藏地质与开发工程全国重点实验室(西南石油大学),成都610500 [2]西南石油大学羌塘盆地研究院,成都610500 [3]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心(西南地质科技创新中心),成都610218 [4]自然资源部沉积盆地与油气资源重点实验室,成都610218 [5]中国地质大学地球科学学院,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [6]中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广东珠海519080 [7]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610059

出　　处：《沉积学报》2024年第6期1849-1875,共27页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：中国石油—西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目(2020CX010100);国家自然科学基金项目(41872120,42241202,42272228,41972121);中国地质调查局项目(DD20243477)。

摘　　要：【目的】元古宙—早古生代全球超大陆聚合—裂解深刻影响并约束了华南古大陆的地质演化过程及其资源与环境效应。【方法】以全球超大陆聚散旋回为主线,重点针对华南古大陆元古宙—早古生代的构造格局、形成演化、动力学机制及其资源环境效应等内容,力求系统梳理、全面总结与客观评述近年来所取得的最新成果与认识,提升对华南古大陆演化及其资源环境效应的认识与研究水平。【结果与结论】扬子地块古元古代早期经历了与劳伦大陆相似的碰撞事件,显示二者在哥伦比亚(Colombia)超大陆聚合之前即已具有构造亲缘性;尽管扬子地块北缘和西南缘在古元古代中晚期的构造演化存在时空差异性,但与哥伦比亚超大陆的聚合—裂解过程基本同步,与此同时华夏地块仅经历了与超大陆聚合有关的俯冲—碰撞事件;华南广泛发育的前~820 Ma不整合界面,代表了新元古代罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆解体之后新一轮沉积超覆的起点,随后南华裂谷历经了裂谷幼年期(~820~800 Ma)、裂谷成熟期(~800~720 Ma)、早冰期(~720~660 Ma)、间冰期(~660~650 Ma)和晚冰期(~650~635 Ma)等5个演化阶段;华南古大陆早古生代造山作用响应于冈瓦纳(Gondwana)大陆的聚合,与印度或澳大利亚显示古地理亲缘性。超大陆聚合裂解与雪球地球等地质事件密切相关,而构造—岩浆—沉积作用主导了前寒武纪铁、铜、锰等大型超大型特色矿产资源的形成,盆地隆—坳格局则控制了含油气盆地优质烃源岩、规模性储层及区域性盖层等关键石油地质条件的形成与演化。[Objective]Amalgamation and fragmentation cycles of the global supercontinents from the Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic are profoundly related to the geological evolution and distribution of massive economic resources in South China Block[.Methods]In this study,we examined the tectonic framework of the South China Block and related processes of geodynamic evolution and their impact on resource formation and environmental development in the context of assembly and breakup of the global supercontinents.[Results and Conclusions]The Yangtze Block of South China experienced similar tectonic events to the Laurentia breakup during the Early Paleoproterozoic,implying their close affinity before the Columbia(Nuna)assembly.Although the impact of tectonic evolution exists in different parts,the Yangtze Block recorded the assembly and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent,whereas the Cathyasia Block only shows the records of subduction-collision related to the supercontinental assembly.Before ca.820 Ma,a regional unconformity developed along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block,and the onset of sedimentary overlap represented a new cycle of basin evolution since the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.Subsequently,the South China Block experienced five evolutionary periods,represented from old to young by(a)the embryonic-toyoung rift(820800 Ma),(b)mature rift(800720 Ma),(c)early glacial(720660 Ma),(d)interglacial(660650 Ma),and(e)late glacial periods(650635 Ma).The South China Block experienced an Early Paleozoic orogen that was closely associated with the Gondwana assembly and was close to Australia or India.Critical geological events in South China such as the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth are considered tightly linked to the Rodinia breakup,whereas Precambrian giant economic deposits of Cu,Fe,and Mn were largely controlled by the magmatic-sedimentary events.Furthermore,successive uplift-subsidence processes promoted the formation and evolution of Paleozoic sedimentary basins with high-quality source rocks,large-

关 键 词：哥伦比亚超大陆 罗迪尼亚超大陆 冈瓦纳大陆 扬子地块 华夏地块 元古宙—早古生代 

分 类 号：P597[天文地球—地球化学]