单个体电分析专辑序言  

Preface to Special Issue on Single-Entity Electroanalysis

作　　者：李菲[1] 应佚伦 周一歌 Fei Li;Yi-Lun Ying;Yi-Ge Zhou(School of Life Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,710049,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,Hunan University,Changsha,410082,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院,陕西西安710049 [2]生命分析化学国家重点实验室,南京大学化学化工学院,江苏南京210023 [3]化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室,湖南大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《电化学（中英文）》2024年第10期1-2,共2页Journal of Electrochemistry

摘　　要：化学测量领域的核心挑战之一是实现对单个体(如单个细胞、单个纳米粒子、单个纳米气泡、和单个分子等)超高灵敏检测。电化学是测量单个体电子传递过程最直接最有效的手段之一。通过高时间分辨和高电流分辨的电化学测量能够对微纳尺度界面上的电化学反应进行精准分析,获取每一个单体的特征电信号,解析被平均效应掩盖的个体间差异。目前,已有超微电极纳米孔道以及纳米针尖等在内的多种纳米结构被应用于构建高空间分辨率与高灵敏的单个体电化学传感界面,提供了与单个分析物尺寸匹配的电化学测量界面。同时,随着高时间分辨微弱电流测量仪器的发展,单个体电分析化学技术可实时追踪亚毫秒至微秒级的单个体动态电化学反应过程。基于此,可对体系中每一个待测物进行高通量、快速电化学灵敏测量,有助于识别稀有亚群个体、发现化学反应隐藏中间体、追踪动态相互作用及反应路径。例如,纳米孔道电化学单分子测序与分析,可应用于疾病的早期精准诊断;单颗粒电化学碰撞测量,可准确揭示纳米材料的构效关系;单细胞的原位电化学分析,能够探索细胞内外和细胞间的生化过程,更好地理解细胞间网络通讯机制。近年来,单个体电化学测量技术在测量界面、测量仪器及测量数据分析方面取得了显著发展,为微纳材料、生命分析以及能源催化等领域的研究提供了测量新工具。The precision and depth of our understanding push the chemical measurement is to achieve high sensitive detection of single entities,e.g.,single cells,single nanoparticles,single nanobubbles,and single molecules.Electrochemistry stands out as on of the direct and effective method for measuring electron transfer processes.High-resolution electrochemical measurements enable the high sensitive analysis of redox reactions at micro/nanoscale interfaces,yielding unique electrochemical signals from each entity,so as to reveal hidden inter-individual differences that are often covered by averaging effects.Various nanostructures,including ultramicroelectrode,nanotip,and nanopore,have been developed to construct electrochemical sensing interfaces that match the size of individual analytes with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.Advances in instrumentation enable the high temporal resolution and weak current detection,facilitating the real-time monitoring the dynamic electrochemical processes ranging from sub-milliseconds to microseconds.This capability supports the high-throughput and rapid sensing enabling identification of rare subpopulations,uncovering of reaction intermediates,and mapping of dynamic interaction pathways.For example,nanopore technologies enable single biomolecule sequencing and sensing that can be applied to early and precise diagnosis.Electrochemical measurements at the single-particle level reveal intrinsic heterogeneity of structure-activity relationship for nanomaterials.In-situ electrochemical analysis of individual cells also provide insights into intracellular and inter-cellular biochemical processes while enhancing our understanding of mechanisms related to cell-to-cell communication networks.In recent years,significant advancements have been made in single-entity electrochemical measurements,including developments in nanointerfaces,ultra-sensitive instrumentation,and intelligent data analysis,providing new tools for the studies in micro-/nanomaterials,life sciences,and energy catalysi

关 键 词：电化学测量 电化学反应 电分析化学 微纳材料 单分子测序 超微电极 纳米气泡 测量仪器 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]