极小种群野生植物蕉木分布区土壤养分特征  

Soil nutrient properties in the distribution area of the extremely small population of Oncodostigma hainanense

作　　者：洪文君 王炳宇 曾德华 黄永平 刘俊 HONG Wenjun;WANG Bingyu;ZENG Dehua;HUANG Yongping;LIU Jun(Sanya Academy of Forestry,Sanya 572000,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]三亚市林业科学研究院,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第12期3580-3586,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：海南自然科学资金面上项目(321MS0820);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(421RC672)资助。

摘　　要：极小种群野生植物蕉木(Oncodostigma hainanense)集中分布在三亚和保亭。在分布区内选取三亚市甘什岭省级自然保护区、亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园和保亭黎族苗族自治县七仙岭温泉国家森林公园3个区域蕉木所处群落,比较不同生境的土壤养分含量差异,探讨土壤性质对蕉木分布特征的影响。结果表明:蕉木的种群密度以七仙岭森林公园最高(375株·hm^(-2)),但3个蕉木的种群结构为不稳定种群,表现为衰退趋势;分布区的土壤呈酸性,pH值为5.54~6.17;土壤有机质、碱解氮和全氮含量较高,全钾、全磷和速效磷含量较低;土壤微生物生物量碳为225.28~318.33 mg·kg^(-1),微生物生物量氮为137.34~165.25 mg·kg^(-1),土壤过氧化氢酶活性以甘什岭自然保护区最高(4.53 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性均以亚龙湾森林公园最高,分别为9.78 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1)和0.84 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1)。PCA分析结果显示,每个分布区的土壤样点均能较好地聚为一类,每个分布区对土壤因子的响应显著,土壤养分与微生物生物量、酶活性具有明显相关性,表明土壤因子对蕉木种群结构及其生长起着关键作用。Oncodostigma hainanense,a wild plant species with extremely small population,is concentrated in San⁃ya and Baoting,Hainan Province.We compared the differences of soil nutrient contents in different habitats of O.hainanense in Ganshiling Provincial Nature Reserve,Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park,and Qixianling Hot Springs National Forest Park in Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County,and examined the effects of soil pro⁃perties on the distribution characteristics of O.hainanense.The results showed that the structure of the three O.haina⁃nense populations was unstable,indicating a declining trend,with the highest population density in Qixianling Forest Park(375 individuals per hectare).Soil in the distribution areas was characterized by acidity,with pH values ranging from 5.54 to 6.17.Organic matter content,available nitrogen content,and total nitrogen content were rela⁃tively high in the soils,while total potassium,total phosphorus,and available phosphorus contents were relatively low.Soil microbial biomass carbon ranged from 225.28 to 318.33 mg·kg^(-1),and soil microbial biomass nitrogen ranged from 137.34 to 165.25 mg·kg^(-1).Ganshiling Nature Reserve exhibited the highest soil catalase activity(4.53 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),while Yalong Bay Forest Park had the highest soil acid phosphatase and urease activities(9.78 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1)and 0.84 mg·g^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively).PCA analysis results showed that soil samples from each site could be well clustered into one group,and the response of each distribution site to soil factors was signifi⁃cant.Soil nutrients were significantly correlated with microbial biomass and enzyme activities,indicating that soil factors played a key role in driving population structure and growth of O.hainanense.

关 键 词：蕉木 土壤养分 土壤微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 极小种群 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]