施肥对毛竹林凋落物前期分解过程的影响  

Effect of fertilization on the early process of Phyllostachys edulis litter decomposition

作　　者：罗慧莹 刘勇 苏文会 陈家洪 范少辉 孙宇彤 龙永美 景雄 LUO Huiying;LIU Yong;SU Wenhui;CHEN Jiahong;FAN Shaohui;SUN Yutong;LONG Yongmei;JING Xiong(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo&Rattan Science and Technology,Beijing 100102,China;Chishui City Hushi Town State-owned Forest Farm,Hushi 564704,Guizhou,China;National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Southern Yunnan Province,Cangyuan 677400,Yunnan,China;National Agriculture Exhibition Center/China Agriculture Museum,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心,国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102 [2]赤水市葫市国有林场,贵州葫市564704 [3]滇南竹林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南沧源677400 [4]全国农业展览馆/中国农业博物馆,北京100125

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第12期3640-3647,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：竹藤资源培育的关键因子精准调控技术(2023YFD2201202);贵州省特色林业产业2020年科技研发项目(特林研2020⁃01)资助。

摘　　要：凋落物是土壤有机质的主要来源,其分解受诸多因子影响,而施肥作为竹林高产经营的重要措施,对林分土壤有机质形成及养分循环产生了影响。为探究氮磷钾混合施肥背景下不同氮水平施肥对毛竹凋落物前期分解的影响,固定磷钾肥的施用量,设置氮肥施用量为对照(CK)、低氮(242 kg·hm^(-2),LN)、中氮(484 kg·hm^(-2),MN)、高氮(726 kg·hm^(-2),HN)4个水平,研究施肥对凋落物分解过程中质量损失、养分归还及化学计量比的影响。结果表明:经过13个月的分解,各施氮水平凋落物质量残留率为67.5%~70.8%,施肥对凋落物分解无显著影响。不同处理的全碳含量无显著差异;施肥处理均显著促进凋落物氮磷富集,分别促进了39.97%~45.76%的氮富集和64.25%~75.70%的磷富集。半纤维素和纤维素含量分别出现不同程度的降低,其中半纤维素分解更快,不同处理的半纤维素下降量为MN(50.13%)>LN(49.25%)>HN(42.44%)>CK(39.00%),而纤维素含量的下降量为LN(36.86%)>MN(31.98%)>HN(26.89%)>CK(24.41%),LN和MN处理显著促进全纤维素的分解;不同处理对木质素无显著影响。本实验条件下,各氮水平的施肥处理对毛竹凋落物前期的干质量损失无显著影响,但调控了凋落物养分释放特征和组分分解,显著促进氮、磷富集,低氮和中氮处理能够有效促进全纤维素的分解,但不同处理对凋落物的木质素和全碳含量无显著影响。Litter is the main source of soil organic matter,and its decomposition can be affected by various factors.As an important measure for high⁃yield management of bamboo forests,fertilization affects the formation of organic matter and nutrient cycling.To investigate the impacts of different nitrogen fertilization levels on the early processes of Phyllostachys edulis litter decomposition under the conditions of mixed applications of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers,an experiment was conducted with a fixed P and K application level and four N application levels:no N application(CK),low N(242 kg·hm^(-2),LN),medium N(484 kg·hm^(-2),MN),and high N(726 kg·hm^(-2),HN).The effects of fertilization on mass loss,nutrient return,and stoichiometric ratio of litter during decomposition were examined.The results showed that after 13 months of decomposition,the rate of litter mass remaining was 67.5%-70.8%across various nitrogen application levels,which was not affected by ferti⁃lization.There were no significant differences in carbon content of decomposing litter among different treatments.Fertilization significantly promoted the enrichment of N and P in litter,which was 39.97%-45.76%and 64.25%-75.70%higher than that in the CK,respectively.Hemicellulose and cellulose contents decreased to different extents,with hemicellulose decomposing faster.The reduction of hemicellulose content was in an order of MN(50.13%)>LN(49.25%)>HN(42.44%)>CK(39.00%),while the reduction of cellulose content was LN(36.86%)>MN(31.98%)>HN(26.89%)>CK(24.41%).The LN and MN treatments significantly promoted the decomposition of total cellulose,while different treatments had no significant effect on lignin.In conclusion,dif⁃ferent N fertilization levels did not affect litter mass loss at the early stage of decomposition,regulated nutrient release and the decomposition of carbon components,and significantly enhanced N and P enrichment of litter.LN and MN treatments effectively promoted the decomposition of total cellulose.All treat

关 键 词：凋落物分解 毛竹 施肥 养分归还 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]