不同作物对典型黑土水蚀区水分入渗的影响  

Effects of different crops on water infiltration in typical black soil water erosion area

作　　者：孙淑楠 李泽红[2] 侯瑞星[2] 王磊 杨克军[1,4] 付健 徐超[1] 苗宇 SUN Shunan;LI Ze-hong;HOU Ruixing;WANG Lei;YANG Kejun;FU Jian;XU Chao;MIAO Yu(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [4]黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第12期3665-3673,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类“黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项”(XDA28130301,XDA28130103);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071607);北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所团队促进项目(ZHS202304);黑土地保护利用技术创新项目(XDA28130200)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示作物与土壤水蚀的关系,本研究以东北水蚀区黑龙江省克山县为试验地,选取高粱“克杂18号”(SO)和玉米“克玉19号”(MA)作为研究对象,通过对作物根系、土壤物理性质及入渗速率的分析,探讨两种作物对土壤水分入渗特性的影响。结果表明:SO处理0~20 cm土层容重比MA处理显著增加6.15%,总孔隙度及非毛管孔隙度分别显著下降5.93%和15.63%,饱和含水量和田间持水量分别显著减少6.38%和6.11%;SO处理和MA处理均以0.25~2 mm粒径团聚体为主,SO处理较MA处理土壤平均重量直径与几何平均直径分别显著减少29.57%和4.60%。在0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80 cm 4个土层中,MA处理根重密度分别为SO处理的1.67、2.46、4.52和2.27倍。SO处理初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、饱和导水率和平均入渗率分别比MA处理显著降低19.11%、15.50%、15.63%和14.86%。采用Kostiakov模型、Horton模型和Philip模型进行土壤入渗过程模拟,其中Horton模型R^(2)最大,对土壤入渗过程的拟合效果最佳。相关性分析表明,入渗速率与容重呈显著负相关,与其他各指标均呈正相关。本研究表明,该地区矮杆高粱根系较玉米根系浅,容重大,入渗速率缓慢,易形成地表径流,增加水蚀风险,研究结果可为该地区防治水土流失提供数据参考。To elucidate the relationship between crops and soil erosion,we examined the effects of two crops,sor⁃ghum Keza 18(SO)and maize Keyu 19(MA),on soil water infiltration characteristics,through the analysis of crop roots,soil physical properties and infiltration rate in Keshan County,Heilongjiang Province,a water erosion zone in Northeast China.The results showed that soil bulk density of 0-20 cm layer in SO treatment was significant⁃ly increased by 6.15%compared to the MA treatment.The total porosity and non⁃capillary porosity were significant⁃ly decreased by 5.93%and 15.63%,respectively.The saturated water capacity and field water capacity decreased significantly by 6.38%and 6.11%,respectively.Soils under both SO treatment and MA treatment were dominated by 0.25-2 mm particle size aggregates.The mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil in SO treat⁃ment were significantly reduced by 29.57%and 4.60%,respectively,compared to MA treatment.In the soil layers of 0-20,20-40,40-60 and 60-80 cm,root weight density of MA treatment was 1.67,2.46,4.52,and 2.27 times of that of SO treatment,respectively.The initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,saturated hydraulic conductivity and average infiltration rate of SO treatment were significantly reduced by 19.11%,15.50%,15.63%,and 14.86%,respectively,compared with MA treatment.The Kostiakov model,Horton model and Philip model were used to simulate the soil infiltration processes.The Horton model had the largest R^(2)and the best fitting effect on the soil infiltration processes.The infiltration rate was significantly negatively correlated with bulk density,and positively correlated with other indices.Furthermore,root system of dwarf sorghum grown in this region was shallo⁃wer than that of maize,with a larger capacity and slower infiltration rate,which easily leads to surface runoff and increases the risk of water erosion.Our results can provide data reference for the prevention and control of soil ero⁃sion in this region.

关 键 词：东北黑土区 高粱 玉米 土壤入渗 作物根系 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]