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作 者:田禾 杨岗 张明辉 贺垚银 梁苗苗 陆舟[1] 余丽江[1] TIAN He;YANG Gang;ZHANG Minghui;HE Yaoyin;LIANG Miaomiao;LU Zhou;YU Lijiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530005,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Survey and Design Institute,Nanning 530011,China)
机构地区:[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁530005 [2]广西壮族自治区林业勘测设计院,南宁530011
出 处:《生态学杂志》2024年第12期3702-3709,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology
基 金:广西自然科学基金部湾重大专项项目(2010GXNSFE013004,2011GXNSFE018001)资助。
摘 要:水鸟是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,对环境变化具有高度敏感性,可作为湿地环境变化的指示物种。山口红树林自然保护区是沿东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙水鸟的重要停歇地,但天然滩涂的减少使越来越多的水鸟利用保护区内的人工生境作为替代栖息地。为了解水鸟对替代栖息地的利用情况,于2016—2021年持续对广西山口红树林国家级自然保护区内的4类人工生境(养殖塘、盐田、草地和农田)进行了水鸟调查。结果表明:(1)4种人工替代栖息地共调查到13个优势种和常见种,其中以养殖塘生境的物种丰富度最高,农田生境的最少;(2)多样性指数与水鸟数量以养殖塘和盐田生境的为优势;(3)广义线性模型显示,不同类群的水鸟对生境的利用存在显著差异。综合以上结果,保护区内人工生境对承载水鸟的作用显著,建议今后加强对养殖塘生境与盐田生境的科学管理,维护水鸟的生境需求。Waterbirds are an important component of the wetland ecosystems.Waterbirds can be used as biological indicators because they are highly sensitive to environmental changes.Shankou Mangrove National Nature Reserve of Guangxi,southern China is an important stopover site for migrant birds along the East Asian-Australasian Fly⁃way.Due to the loss of natural wetlands,more and more waterbirds are forced to choose artificial wetlands as their alternative habitats.From 2016 to 2021,we investigated the richness and abundance of birds in four main habitats,including aquaculture pond,salt pan,grassland and farmland,to explore the utilization of alternative habitats by waterbirds in the reserve.The results showed that:(1)A total of 13 dominant and common waterbird species were found in the four alternative habitats,with the species richness in aquaculture ponds being the highest,and lowest in farmland habitat.(2)The diversity index and the abundance of waterbirds were dominated in aquaculture pond and salt pan habitats.(3)The generalized linear model showed significant differences in habitat utilization among waterbirds of different taxa.In conclusion,alternative habitats,especially the aquaculture pond and salt pan,play an important role in maintaining the waterbird populations in the reserve.The artificial alternative habitats should receive sufficient attention and effective protection in the future.
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