草地植物和土壤对温度和降水变化的响应研究进展  

Research progress of the responses of grassland plants and soil to the variation of temperature and precipitation

作　　者：刘明蕊 刘世婷 马春燕 李桧 常生华[1] 侯扶江[1] 刘永杰 LIU Mingrui;LIU Shiting;MA Chunyan;LI Hui;CHANG Shenghua;HOU Fujiang;LIU Yongjie(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第12期3787-3796,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：兰州大学科研启动经费(508000⁃561119213)资助。

摘　　要：在自然因素和人为因素的双重作用下,气候变化如极端干旱和降水事件出现的频率增加,草地植被覆盖度、草地生产力和土壤肥力下降,草地载畜能力降低。研究草地生态系统对气候变化的响应,对于草地资源的可持续利用以及制定相应的生态保护与恢复措施具有重要意义。本文从草地植被和土壤环境两方面,围绕草地生态系统对温度和降水变化的响应进行了系统梳理,总结了草地植被的群落结构、植物物候、草地生产力以及土壤温湿度、土壤呼吸、土壤微生物和土壤酶对温度和降水变化的响应。本文重点从研究尺度和试验方法等方面进行了讨论,在此基础上提出了关于气候变化对草地生态系统影响的研究中存在的一些亟需解决的科学问题,如植物的累积效应和滞后效应、生物群落的相互作用、如何提高模型精度、不同植物功能群对极端气候事件的响应等,以期为今后的相关研究提供参考。Under the dual effects of natural and human factors,the frequency of climate change such as extreme events of drought and precipitation increases,grassland vegetation coverage,grassland productivity and soil fertility decrease,and grassland carrying capacity decreases.Understanding the response of grassland ecosystems to climate change is of great significance for the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and the formulation of corre⁃sponding ecological protection and restoration measurements.We systematically reviewed the response of grassland ecosystems to the variations of temperature and precipitation from two aspects,grassland vegetation and soil environ⁃ment,including grassland community structure,plant phenology,grassland productivity,soil temperature and hu⁃midity,soil respiration,soil microorganisms and soil enzymes.We focused on the discussions of research scale and experimental methods.On this basis,we put forward some scientific issues that need to be solved urgently in the study of the impact of climate change on grassland ecosystems,such as the cumulative effect and lag effect of plants,the interaction of biological communities,how to improve the accuracy of the model,and the responses of different plant functional groups to extreme climate events,in order to provide reference for future research.

关 键 词：气候变化 植物群落结构 植物物候 草地生产力 土壤环境 草地生态系统 响应机制 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]