仿吸管吸能模块夹层发罩及其头部损伤防护效能研究  

Study on Sandwich Hood Inspired by Straw-Shaped Structure and Its Protective Effectiveness on Head Injury

作　　者：邹铁方[1] 陈得着 李奇奇 Zou Tiefang;Chen Dezhuo;Li Qiqi(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第12期2190-2199,共10页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(52325211);湖南省教育厅重点项目(22A0236);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(23B1111、22B0307);湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20040)资助。

摘　　要：为开发更佳行人保护效果的发罩,先设计圆形、三角形和矩形3种吸管吸能模块,再制备以PA11为材料的圆形吸管吸能模块(CSEAM)样件,并验证了有限元模型,进而通过仿真评估3种新型仿吸管夹层发罩(NSSH)的人体损伤防护效果且分析了变形模式。研究显示:3种NSSH均能显著降低行人头部损伤,且三角形吸管夹层发罩(TSSH)的人体损伤防护效果最佳;其变形均以规则形状均匀扩散,通过降低发罩整体结构刚度而优化了碰撞波形中各阶段的加速度和冲击力峰值。进一步分析发现,TSSH的人体损伤防护效果随车速和撞击角度增大而降低,且所致损伤均大幅低于原发罩,表明抬升发罩即减小撞击角度可更好地保护行人;而当身罩比Rh≤2.1和Rh≥2.45时头部分别仅撞击发罩和风窗玻璃,其可作为发罩抬升的判别依据。研究成果将为行人保护效果更优的发罩结构设计提供支持。In order to develop a hood with better pedestrian protection performance,firstly three types of straw energy absorption modules are designed,specifically circular,triangular and rectangular.Subsequently,the CSEAM sample with PA11 material is prepared and the finite element model is verified.Then,the human body injury protection effectiveness of the three types of Novel Straw-shaped structure Sandwich Hood(NSSH)is evaluated by simulation and the deformation mode is analyzed.The results show that the three NSSHs can significantly reduce pedestrian head injury,and the Triangle Straw-shape structure Sandwich Hood(TSSH)has the best protective effectiveness on human body injury.The deformation is uniformly diffused in a regular shape,and the peak of acceleration and impact force in each stage of the collision waveform is optimized by reducing the overall structural stiffness of the hood.Further analysis shows that the human body injury protection effectiveness of TSSH decreases with the increase of vehicle speed and impact angle,and the injury caused by TSSH is significantly lower than that of the original hood,indicating that raising the hood can reduce the impact angle to better protect pedestrians,while when the Ratio of Pedestrian height to Bonnet leading edge height Rh≤2.1 and Rh≥2.45,the head only impacts the hood and windshield,respectively.It can be used as the criterion of hood lift.The research results can provide support for the design of hood structure with better pedestrian protection effectiveness.

关 键 词：汽车安全 发动机罩 夹层结构 行人保护 抬升 

分 类 号：U463.833[机械工程—车辆工程] U467.14[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]