南阳市主要石榴园杂草种类及群落特征  

Weed Species and Community Characteristics in Major Pomegranate Orchards in Nanyang

作　　者：贾毛毛 源朝政 王虹 高小峰 陈燕 李爽 李金玲 郑明燕 李玉英[4] JIA Maomao;YUAN Chaozheng;WANG Hong;GAO Xiaofeng;CHEN Yan;LI Shuang;LI Jinling;ZHENG Mingyan;LI Yuying(Nanyang Academy of Sciences/Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Pomegranate Resources/Nanyang Key Laboratory of New Varieties Breeding of Pomegranate,Nanyang 473000,China;Nanyang Economic Crop Technology Extension Station,Nanyang 473042,China;Henan Renhekangyuan Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Xichuan 474450,China;Nanyang Normal University/Henan Soft Seed Pomegranate Engineering Research Center,Nanyang 473061,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳市科学院/河南省石榴种质资源创新与利用工程技术研究中心/南阳市石榴新品种选育重点实验室,河南南阳473000 [2]南阳市经济作物技术推广站,河南南阳473042 [3]河南仁和康源农业发展有限公司,河南淅川474450 [4]南阳师范学院/河南省软籽石榴工程研究中心,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第3期26-33,共8页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(编号:232102110009、232102110224);河南省重点研发专项(编号:2211111520600);河南省科技厅高等学校学科创新引智基地(编号:CXJD2019001);河南省科技创新体系建设项目(编号:192207310029)。

摘　　要：为了科学合理地防控和利用石榴园中的杂草,2023年采用倒置“W”9点取样法对南阳主要石榴产区的石榴园杂草种类和群落特征进行调查。结果表明,南阳石榴园杂草种类达55种,隶属26科54属,以菊科、禾本科、十字花科为主,优势杂草为荠菜、蒲公英、香附子、马唐。从杂草区域分布来看,内乡县师岗镇杂草分布不仅种类多,而且分布较为均匀,杂草种类达53种,丰富度指数达13.1402,均匀度指数0.8672;从物种多样性来看,九重镇香农-威纳指数达3.4720,说明该区域群落物种多样性最丰富。5个石榴园区的辛普森指数均在0.9以上,说明这5个石榴园区各种杂草物种优势集中,分布情况类似。通过对相对优势度≥1的杂草进行聚类分析表明,南阳市杂草群落可以分为3组:淅川盛湾镇、淅川九重镇、内乡师岗镇的杂草群落结构比较相似,为第1组,这些地区多以山地为主,并且盛湾镇和九重镇都靠近南水北调水源区,其主要杂草群落是荠菜+蒲公英+马唐+香附子+附地菜+马齿苋+繁缕;镇平石佛寺镇为第2组,主要是以丘陵地带为主,其主要杂草群落是荠菜+蒲公英+马唐+香附子+野苋菜+葎草;卧龙安皋镇为第3组,以半丘陵、平原为主,其主要杂草群落是荠菜+蒲公英+马唐+香附子+野老鹳草+婆婆纳+野苋菜+鸭跖草+圆叶锦葵。生产上建议以人工生草和自然生草相结合、采用机械割草的方式,将杂草高度和密度控制在一定范围之内,最大限度控草的同时发挥杂草的正面效应。To scientifically and rationally control and utilize weeds in pomegranate orchards,we surveyed weed species and community characteristics in major pomegranate orchards of Nanyang via an inverted“W”9-point sampling method in 2023.The results showed that there were 55 species of weeds belonging to 54 genera in 26 families in pomegranate orchard of Nanyang,with the majority of Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Brassicaceae.The dominant weeds included Capsella bursa-pastoris,Taraxacum mongolicum,Cyperus rotundus L.,and Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop..In terms of the regional distribution of weed,Shigang Town in Neixiang County not only existed diversity but also a relative uniformity,with 53 weed species,a richness index of 13.1402,and an evenness index of 0.8672.According to the Shannon Wiener index of Jiuchong Town reached 3.4720,indicating that the community species diversity in this area was the richest.The Simpson indexes of all 5 pomegranate orchards were above 0.9,indicating that the dominant weed species in these 5 pomegranate orchards were concentrated and distributed similarly.Hierarchical cluster analysis of weeds with a relative advantage of≥1 showed that weeds in Nanyang area were classified into 3 groups.The weed community structures in Shengwan Town,Jiuchong Town,and Shigang Town were relatively similar,belonging to the first group.These regions are mountainous terrain,and Shengwan Town and Jiuzhong Town are both close to the water source region of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the dominant weeds were C.bursa-pastoris+T.mongolicum+D.sanguinalis(L.)Scop.+Cyperus rotundus L.+Trigonotis peduncularis(Trevis.)Benth.ex Baker&S.Moore+Portulaca oleracea L.+Stellaria media(L.)Vill..Shifosi Town in Zhenping County was the second group,mainly consisting of hilly areas,the dominant weeds were C.bursa-pastoris+T.mongolicum+D.sanguinalis(L.)Scop.+C.rotundus L.+Amaranthus tricolor L.+Humulus scandens(Lour.)Merr..Angao Town in Wolong District was the third group,mainly consisting of partially hi

关 键 词：石榴园 杂草 种类 群落特征 多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S451.0[农业科学—植物保护]