5种播前除草剂对橡胶草田的杂草防效及安全性评价  

Control Effects of Five Pre-Sowing Herbicides on Weeds and Their Selectivity Evaluation in Taraxacum koksaghyz Fields

作　　者：高强[1] 郑立鹏 张龑[1] 严青青 吐汗姑丽·托合提 张学超 任海龙 徐麟[1] GAO Qiang;ZHENG Lipeng;ZHANG Yan;YAN Qingqing;Tuhanguli TUOHETI;ZHANG Xuechao;REN Hailong;XU Lin(Crop Variety Resources Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Central Asian Characteristic Crop Germplasm Resources Medium-Term Gene Bank(Urumqi),Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture,Yining 835000,China;Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gangzhou 510000,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所/国家中亚特色作物种质资源中期库(乌鲁木齐),新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [3]广东省农业科学院作物科学研究所,广东广州510335 [4]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第3期60-68,共9页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干能力培养项目(编号:xjnkq-2023016);“天山英才”培养计划(编号:2023TSYCLJ0010)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适用于橡胶草田的播种前除草剂,以精异丙甲草胺(A1)、乙草胺(A2)、氟乐灵(A3)、二甲戊灵(A4)、仲丁灵(A5)5种除草剂推荐剂量为对照,设置不同剂量梯度[推荐用药量的0.4倍(B1)、0.6倍(B2)、0.8倍(B3)、1.0倍(B4)、1.2倍(B5)],分别在播种前5 d(C2)、10 d(C3)、15 d(C4)、20 d(C5)和播种当天(C1)进行土壤封闭处理,调查不同处理的封闭除草效果、相对出苗率及橡胶草出苗后的不同生长指标,并基于熵权赋值的DTOPSIS法对除草剂的杂草防效和安全性进行综合评价。结果表明,影响橡胶草田杂草防效和相对出苗率的因素主次顺序为除草剂种类>喷施时间>用药量,A3B3C5、A3B2C4处理的效果较好,即播种前20 d喷施480 g/L氟乐灵乳油(EC)120 mL/667 m^(2)和播种前15 d喷施480 g/L氟乐灵EC 90 mL/667 m^(2),对橡胶草田杂草防控效果综合排名靠前,对杂草的株防效分别为72.14%、86.05%,橡胶草相对出苗率分别为144.85%、95.15%。因此,建议采用480 g/L氟乐灵EC作为橡胶草田的优选土壤封闭除草剂,具体的施药量和施药方式有待进一步优化,研究结果可为橡胶草田杂草防控提供参考,以促进橡胶草产业化种植。To screen out the pre-sowing herbicides suitable for Taraxacum koksaghyz fields,an experiment was conducted to investigate control effects of different treatments,relative seedling-emergence rate,and different growth indexes of T.koksaghyz seedlings via spraying s-metolachlor(A1),acetochlor(A2),trifluralin(A3),pendimethalin(A4),and butralin(A5)before sowing 5 days(C1),10 days(C2),15 days(C3),and 20 days(C4)and at the pre-emergence stages of weeds.In the experimental design,different dose gradients were established.Specifically,these gradients were set at 0.4 times(B1),0.6 times(B2),0.8 times(B3),1.0 time(B4),and 1.2 times(B5)the recommended dose.And then weed control effect and selectivity of these five herbicides were comprehensively evaluated by DTOPSIS method based on entropy weight assignment.The results showed that the order of factors affecting the weed control effect and relative emergence rate in T.koksaghyz fields was herbicide type>spraying time>dosage.Trifluralin was a better encapsulated herbicide before sowing in T.koksaghyz fields.A3B3C5 and A3B2C4,namely trifluralin 480 g/L EC at 213.6 g/667 m^(2)before sowing 20 days and trifluralin 480 g/L EC at 160.2 g/667 m^(2)before sowing 15 days,showed an excellent control effect and rachieved high rankings in the comprehensive weed control evaluation in T.koksaghyz fields,with plant control effect of 72.14%and 86.05%,and the relative emergence rates of 144.85%and 95.15%,respectively.Therefore,it is recommended to use trifluralin 480 g/L EC as the preferred encapsulated herbicide for T.koksaghyz fields,but the specific application dosage and ways need further optimization.The results could provide a reference for weed control in fields,facilitating the industrialized cultivation of T.koksaghyz.

关 键 词：橡胶草 除草剂 播前除草 杂草防效 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S451.22[农业科学—植物保护]