几种除草剂对麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果  

Effects of Several Herbicides on Broad-Leaved Weeds in Wheat Fields

作　　者：郭振营[1] 雷晓天 董彦琪[1] 闫玉栋 徐洪乐[2] 任智萌 吴仁海[2] GUO Zhenying;LEI Xiaotian;Dong Yanqi;YAN Yudong;XU Hongle;REN Zhimeng;WU Renhai(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453000,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450000,China;The People s Government of Tangzhuang Town,Weihui County,Henan Province,Weihui 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453000 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450000 [3]河南省卫辉市唐庄镇人民政府,河南卫辉453100

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第3期69-76,共8页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(编号:221111112300);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(编号:2024TD08)。

摘　　要：为明确几种除草剂对小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果及对小麦的安全性,于返青期采用茎叶喷雾法,选取30%氰草津SC、10%唑嘧磺草胺SC、40%砜吡草唑SC、86%2甲4氯异辛酯EC+480 g/L灭草松AS、16%吡酰草·双氟草SC、5%双氟磺草胺OD、28.8%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC等7种药剂进行大田药效试验,测定其对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、荠菜等杂草的防除效果。结果表明,86%2甲4氯异辛酯EC+480 g/L灭草松AS、16%吡酰草·双氟草SC对总杂草的防效最好,药后45 d鲜重防效分别为93.05%和95.65%。30%氰草津SC、40%砜吡草唑SC对杂草的防除效果较差,药后45 d鲜重防效分别为51.51%、42.58%,但对于以葎草为主的延迟出土类杂草有较好的封闭效果。28.8%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、86%2甲4氯异辛酯EC+480 g/L灭草松AS处理的小麦有药害产生,可能与施用苯醚甲环唑防治病害有关。其他处理对小麦生长无明显不良影响。可见,这7种除草剂对阔叶杂草防效的差异较大。相比其他单剂,86%2甲4氯异辛酯EC 387.0 g/hm^(2)+480 g/L灭草松AS 720.0 g/hm^(2)、16%吡酰草·双氟草SC 120.0 g/hm^(2)对各种杂草表现出优异的防效,在小麦返青期茎叶喷雾处理防除一年生阔叶杂草有较为良好的应用前景。In this study,the aim was to determine control effects of several herbicides on broad-leaved weeds and their selectivity to wheat in fields.A field efficacy trial was conducted where seven herbicides,cyanazine 30%SC,flumetsulam 10%SC,pyroxasulfone 40%SC,MCPA-isooctyl 86%EC+bentazon 480 g/L AS,diflufenican·florasulam 16%SC,florasulam 5%OD and fluroxypyr 28.8%EC,were sprayed to determin their control effect on broad-leaved weeds such as Galium spurium,Descurainia sophia,and Capsella bursa-pastoris.After 45 days of application,MCPA-isooctyl 86%EC+bentazon 480 g/L AS and diflufenican·florasulam 16%SC showed best control effect on total weeds,achieving fresh weight control effects of 93.05%and 95.65%,respectively.Meanwhile,cyanazine 30%SC and pyroxasulfone 40%SC assessd little control effect on total weeds,achieving fresh weight control effects of 93.05%and 95.65%,respectively.However,cyanazine 30%SC and pyroxasulfone 40%SC had excellent preemergent effects on weeds being delayed emergence,primarily Humulus scandens.Wheat injuryed caused by fluroxypyr 28.8%EC and MCPA-isooctyl 86%EC+bentazon 480 g/L AS,which may be linked to the application of difenoconazole.Other herbicides treatments have no significant adverse effects on wheat growth.In summary,control effects of these seven herbicides on broad-leaved weeds were quite different.MCPA-isooctyl 86%EC at 387.0 g/hm^(2)+bentazon 480 g/L AS at 720 g/hm^(2)and diflufenican·florasulam 16%SC at 120 g/hm^(2)showed an excellent control effect on all weeds,and had a good application prospect in annual broad-leaved weeds control by spraying in weed pre-emergence and wheat green-up stages.

关 键 词：小麦田 除草剂 阔叶杂草 防效 

分 类 号：S451.22[农业科学—植物保护]