分形与分体:非整体主义的人类学探索  

Fractal and Dividual:An Exploration of Non-Holistic Anthropology

作　　者：王燕彬 WANG Yanbin

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第5期55-71,共17页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西南各民族中的健康知识体系及相互交流研究”(编号:24BMZ096)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：整体主义的发展及对它的批评是20世纪人类学史的主线之一。英国人类学家玛丽莲·斯特拉森在此背景下关于个体与社会、自然与文化的论述对当代人类学影响深远。她指出英国社会人类学传统中“社会”概念的缺陷,并指出“表征危机”对整体主义的批评也没有脱离部分—整体的预设。基于英国经验主义和美拉尼西亚民族志等思想资源和田野实践,斯特拉森提出用“分形”理解田野中信息存在的本真状态,并指出美拉尼西亚人有不同于欧美“个体”观念的“分体”观念,主张以局部关联重新审视部分—整体。进而,她在方法论层面阐述了非整体主义和内在必然的比较人类学,这为人类学文明比较研究提供了重要启示。One of the main themes of the history of anthropology in the 20th century is the development of holism and its criticism.British anthropologist Marilyn Strathern's discussion on the relationship between individuals and society,nature and culture has had a profound impact on contemporary anthropology.She points out the defects of the concept of“society”of the British social anthropology tradition and notes that the criticisms represented in the“crisis of representation”also contain the“part-whole”premise.Based on the resources of British empiricism and Melanesian ethnography,Strathern proposes to use“fractal”to understand the true state of information in the field,and she points out that Melanesians have a“dividual”concept different from the Euro-American“individual”concept,advocating a re-examination of the partwhole relationship with the“partial connections”.Furthermore,she expounds on the anti-holistic and inherently comparative anthropology from a methodological perspective,which provides important inspiration for the comparative anthropological study of civilizations.

关 键 词：玛丽莲·斯特拉森 整体主义 表征危机 比较人类学 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]