临汾市主城区路面尘中重金属污染特征及其环境健康风险  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Road Dust of Central Downtown of Linfen City

作　　者：卫志强 康逸晴 李紫萱 阴思琪 刘平 魏海英[1] WEI Zhiqiang;KANG Yiqing;LI Zixuan;YIN Siqi;LIU Ping;WEI Haiying(School of Environment and Resource Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1318-1325,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(201901D111005);山西大学第十八期本科生科研训练计划项目(2020018391)。

摘　　要：为了研究临汾市主城区重金属的污染特征及其生态健康风险,本研究分别采用电感耦合等离子质谱技术(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)对路面尘中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As 7种重金属的含量进行测定,采用潜在生态危害指数法和美国环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)健康风险评价模型对7种重金属的生态和健康风险进行了评价。研究结果表明,临汾市主城区路面尘中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和As的平均含量分别为88.38、30.7、46.69、319.83、43.89、0.53和7.94 mg·kg^(-1),除As外均高于山西土壤背景值。其中Zn受人类活动影响较大且富集较为严重。生态风险评价表明,除Cd是强生态危害外,其余均为轻微危害,研究区重金属生态危害总体处于中等水平。7种重金属对儿童和成人总非致癌指数分别为0.034和0.0015,Cr、Ni、Cd、As的总致癌指数小于10^(-6),表明临汾市主城区重金属不存在健康风险。主成分分析结果表明,临汾市主城区路面尘中重金属来源主要为金属冶炼、燃煤(炼焦)和交通。The aims of this study were to examine the distribution character,ecological and health risk of heavy metals in the central downtown of Linfen City.The concentrations of heavy metals including Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,and As in the road dust were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry(AFS).The method of potential ecological risk index and the model of U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)health risk assessment were used to assess the ecological and health risks.The results showed that the mean concentrations of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,and As were 88.38,30.7,46.69,319.83,43.89,0.53 and 7.94 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,all of which were higher than those of the soil background of Shanxi Province except for As.Among them,Zn was greatly affected by human activities and severely enriched.Ecological risk analysis suggested that all elements examined were at low ecological risk except for Cd,and the central downtown of Linfen city was at middle ecological risk.The total non-carcinogenic index of 7 heavy metals for children and adults were 0.034 and 0.0015,and the total carcinogenic index of Cr,Ni,Cd,As was less than 10^(-6).Therefore,there was no health risk to children and adults.Principal component analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals in the central downtown road dust of Linfen city were metal smelting,coal combustion(coking)and traffic.

关 键 词：潜在有毒元素 路面尘 环境健康风险 临汾市 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程]