儿童语言发育迟缓的影响因素及预防策略  

Influencing factors for delayed language development in children and corresponding prevention strategies

作　　者：尚云侠 许秋艳 冉双芹 SHANG Yunxia;XU Qiuyan;RAN Shuangqin(Child Health Care Clinic,the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,Jiangsu,Nanjing 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学医学院附属苏州医院儿童保健门诊,215000

出　　处：《河北医药》2024年第24期3817-3820,共4页Hebei Medical Journal

基　　金：苏州市医学重点扶持学科项目(编号:SZFCXK202109;SZFCXK202136);苏州高新区医疗卫生科技计划项目(青年科技项目)(编号:2020Q001)。

摘　　要：目的分析影响儿童语言发育迟缓的相关因素及对应预防策略。方法选取2021年10月至2023年10月就诊的120例语言发育迟缓患儿作为研究组,另外选取100例发育正常患儿作为对照组,观察患儿发育特征,分析儿童语言发育迟缓的影响因素。结果研究组语言发育迟缓患儿中,大运动、精细动作、适应性、语言、社交的DQ值分别为94.74±15.04、76.46±13.78、89.89±15.01、65.48±14.35、67.63±14.22,语言能区DQ值最低,大运动能区DQ值最高。单因素分析显示,儿童语言发育迟缓的发生与父亲文化程度、母亲生育年龄、父亲生育年龄、新生儿期疾病无关,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);性别男、为独生子女、主要监护人为祖父母/外祖父母、其他人、母亲文化程度为初中及以下、家庭收入<2000元、监护人每天与患儿交流时间<2 h、具有语言迟缓遗传史患儿语言发育迟缓发生率高(P<0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,性别、独生子女、母亲文化程度、家庭收入、语言迟缓遗传史为影响儿童语言发育迟缓的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论性别、独生子女、母亲文化程度、家庭收入、语言迟缓遗传史为儿童语言发育迟缓的危险因素,临床应积极对影响因素进行干预,减少儿童语言发育迟缓的发生,促进儿童的健康成长。Objective To analyze influencing factors for delayed language development in children and corresponding prevention strategies.Methods A total of 120 children with delayed language development treated from October 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the research group,and an additional 100 children with normal development were selected as the control group.The developmental characteristics of the children were observed,and the influencing factors for delayed language development in children were analyzed.Results Among 120 children with delayed language development,the developmental quotient(DQ)values of major motor,fine motor,adaptability,language,and social skills were 94.74±15.04,76.46±13.78,89.89±15.01,65.48±14.35,and 67.63±14.22,respectively.The DQ values in the language function area were the lowest,while those in the major motor function area were the highest.Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of delayed language development in children was not related to father's educational level,mother's reproductive age,father's reproductive age,and neonatal(P>0.05).Male,only child,grandparents/maternal grandparents or others as the main guardian,mother's education level of junior high school or below,family income of less than 2000 yuan,guardian communication with the child for less than 2 hours per day,and history of language delay were significantly correlated with language development delay(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,only child,maternal education level,family income,and genetic history of language delay were risk factors for language development delay in children(P<0.05).Conclusion Gender,only child,maternal education level,family income,and genetic history of language delay are risk factors for delayed language development in children.Clinical intervention should be actively carried out to reduce the occurrence of delayed language development in children and promote their healthy growth.

关 键 词：语言发育迟缓 影响因素 预防策略 发育特征 

分 类 号：R339.35[医药卫生—人体生理学]