基于投影的嵌入式系统需求分析方法  

Projection-based Requirements Analysis Approach for Embedded Systems

作　　者：王小齐 陈小红[1] 金芝[2,3] 顾斌 綦艳霞[4] WANG Xiao-Qi;CHEN Xiao-Hong;JIN Zhi;GU Bin;QI Yan-Xia(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing(East China Normal University),Shanghai 200062,China;Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100871,China;School of Computer Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]上海高可信计算重点实验室(华东师范大学),上海200062 [2]高可信软件技术教育部重点实验室(北京大学),北京100871 [3]北京大学计算机学院,北京100871 [4]北京控制工程研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《软件学报》2024年第12期5397-5418,共22页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62192731,62272166,62192730)。

摘　　要：嵌入式系统正变得越来越复杂,其软件系统的需求分析成为嵌入式系统开发的瓶颈问题.设备依赖性和执行逻辑的交织性是嵌入式软件系统的典型特征,要求需求分析方法能根据所依赖的设备进行有效的需求解耦.从基于环境建模的需求工程思想出发,针对嵌入式软件系统的特征,提出一种基于投影的从系统需求到软件需求的分析方法,帮助需求工程师对需求进行有效解耦.首先总结嵌入式软件系统的系统需求与软件需求描述,基于交互环境特性定义嵌入式软件系统的需求解耦策略,并设计从系统需求到软件需求的规约过程.在航天器太阳搜索系统进行实际案例研究,并通过耦合度与内聚性两个指标对5个代表性案例场景进行量化评估,展示所提方法的有效性.Embedded systems are becoming increasingly complex,and the requirements analysis of their software systems has become a bottleneck in embedded system development.Device dependency and interleaving execution logic are typical characteristics of embedded software systems,necessitating effective requirement analysis methods to decouple the requirements based on device dependencies.Starting from the idea of environment-based modeling in requirement engineering,this study proposes a projection-based requirement analysis approach from system requirements to software requirements for embedded software systems,helping requirement engineers to effectively decouple the requirements.The study first summarizes the system requirement and software requirement descriptions of embedded software systems,defines the requirement decoupling strategies of embedded software systems based on interactive environment characteristics,and designs the specification process from system requirements to software requirements.A real case study is carried out in the spacecraft sun search system,and five representative case scenarios are quantitatively evaluated through two metrics of coupling and cohesion,which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关 键 词：嵌入式系统 需求分析 需求解耦 问题投影 软件需求 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]