论产业链视域下的供给侧结构性改革  

Supply-side Structural Reform from the Perspective of Industrial Chain

作　　者：龚刚[1] 王雪松 Gong Gang;Wang Xuesong

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学金融研究院,云南省昆明市650221

出　　处：《南方经济》2024年第12期1-21,共21页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合的重大举措研究”(23ZDA029);国家自然科学基金项目“外资在华并购的动因与效应评估研究”(72063032)资助。

摘　　要：当今世界,产业链的全球化分布已经是一个非常普遍的现象。然而,学术界关于产业链的研究还存在着理论和实证的脱节:在完全竞争的假设下,产业链的理论模型并不能论证微笑曲线的存在。文章首先构建了关于产业链的理论模型以论证微笑曲线的存在,并提出产业链视域下的供给侧结构性改革是提升中国企业在全球产业链中地位的有效途径。以此为基础,文章进一步提出,中国的供给侧结构性改革不应仅局限于“三去一降一补”等短期措施,而应从根本上优化产业链结构,中国供给侧结构性改革的目标应当是逐渐减少中国企业在全球价值链低端的依附性,使它们逐渐向价值链两端移动,最终实现创新驱动的高质量发展,使企业从价值链(微笑曲线)的底端向两端移动,推动产业实现这种攀升的核心力量就是新质生产力。文章通过分析新质生产力的内涵,探讨其在供给侧结构性改革中的关键作用。文章最后对如何发展新质生产力以推动这样一种供给侧结构性改革进行了简短的讨论:通过适当的产业政策为企业提供市场开拓和技术研发两方面的支持,以加快实现从依附型企业向全球产业链主导型企业的转型。In today's global economy,the widespread distribution of industrial chains has become a common phenomenon.However,academic research on industrial chains often encounters a disconnect between theoretical models and empirical studies.Particularly under the assumption of perfect competition,traditional theoretical models fail to explain the existence of the smiling curve and its importance in global value chains.This paper constructs a new theoretical model that systematically demonstrates the existence of the smiling curve and the underlying inequalities it represents.Based on this,the paper proposes that the core objective of China's supply-side structural reform should be to gradually reduce the number of dependent Chinese enterprises within global value chains,encouraging them to move up the value chain toward becoming lead firms or core component suppliers.In discussing the specific content of supply-side structural reform,the paper suggests that the term"structure"should refer more to the structure of industrial chains rather than the traditional meaning of factor endowment or industrial structure.It argues for a structural understanding from the perspective of industrial chains,focusing on the position of firms in global value chains and their structural characteristics,particularly the relationships between lead firms,core firms,and dependent firms.By improving this structure,the objectives of China's supply-side reforms will become clearer and more targeted,facilitating the formulation of more effective reform measures.The paper also provides a detailed analysis of the current status of Chinese enterprises in global industrial chains,revealing that a large number of Chinese firms are locked into the lower end of these chains,primarily engaged in low-valueadded production of non-core components and assembly.This phenomenon of low-end entrapment places Chinese firms at a disadvantage in global markets,limiting their ability to generate high profits and ultimately constraining China's long-term growth potentia

关 键 词：产业链 供给侧结构性改革 微笑曲线 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F120[经济管理—世界经济] F272F424