枸杞根腐病病原鉴定及拮抗菌筛选  

Identification of Lycium barbarum root rot disease pathogens and biocontrol funguses against root rot disease

作　　者：纪嵩岩 邵长琪 齐文康 何煜晖 张欣[1,2] 王翠平 JI Songyan;SHAO Changqi;QI Wenkang;HE Yuhui;ZHANG Xin;WANG Cuiping(School of Biological Science and Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Innovation Team for Genetic Improvement of Economic Forests,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Yinchuan 750004,China;Ningxia Grape and Wine Technology Innovation Center,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]北方民族大学经济林遗传改良创新团队,宁夏银川750021 [3]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [4]宁夏葡萄与葡萄酒技术创新中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2024年第10期2283-2297,共15页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：北方民族大学青年人才培育项目(2023QNPY11);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03314);中国科学院“西部之光”项目(XAB2022YW08)。

摘　　要：枸杞根腐病是发生于枸杞栽植区的一种常见土传病害,由多种致病菌复合侵染引起,目前主要用化学手段进行防控。该研究旨在明确宁夏地区枸杞根腐病的主要致病菌,筛选优良拮抗菌株。以宁夏银川植物园枸杞种植园宁杞1号枸杞患病植株根部和患病植株根际土为材料,用组织分离法分离纯化致病菌及拮抗根际微生物;采用离体回接试验与针刺接种试验研究病原菌对枸杞根腐病的致病作用;采用对峙法测定拮抗菌对分离得到的致病菌的抑制作用;根据菌落形态特征及rDNA-ITS序列对致病菌和拮抗真菌进行鉴定。结果表明,枸杞发病根部组织中分离出的菌株主要为尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)、单隔镰孢菌(Fusarium dimerum)、木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、嗜石油腐皮镰孢(Fusarium petroliphilum)和高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina),分离频率分别为29.5%、16.8%、13.7%、 8.9%、8.9%和7.4%;尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、茄腐皮镰孢菌(F.solani)、单隔镰孢菌(F.dimerum)、木贼镰孢菌(F.equiseti)等具有较强致病性。根际土分离到的根际微生物中土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)和长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)对主要致病菌有明显抑制作用,抑制率均在37%以上。Root rot disease of Lycium barbarum is a common soil-borne disease that occurs in L.barbarum cultivation areas.It is caused by a complex infection of multiple pathogenic fungi and is currently primarily controlled through chemical means.The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of rapid screening of highly effective,broad-spectrum and practical biocontrol fungi with disease prevention and growth promotion effects,and identify the main pathogenic bacteria of L.barbarum root rot in Ningxia region and screen excellent antagonistic strains.Using the diseased root of Ningqi No.1 L.barbarum and the rhizosphere soil as materials,pathogenic funguses and rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated and purified using tissue separation method;the inhibitory effect of rhizosphere microorganisms on isolated pathogenic funguses was determined using the confrontation method;the antagonistic fungi was identified based on colony culture,morphological characteristics,and rDNA-ITS sequence.The results showed that the main strains isolated from the diseased root tissues of L.barbarum were Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium solani,Fusarium dimrum,Fusarium equiseti,Fusarium petroliphilum,and Mortierella alpina,with frequencies of 29.5%,16.8%,13.7%,8.9%,8.9%,and 7.4%,respectively.Aspergillus terreus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum have obvious inhibition effect on the main pathogenic funguses,with the inhibition rate of more than 37%,which can effectively adjust the microbial flora of the root zone of L.barbarum and promote the restoration and balance of soil micro-ecology.

关 键 词：枸杞 根腐病 致病性 生防菌 尖孢镰孢菌 土曲霉 长枝木霉 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]