基于电接触的滚珠丝杠负载预测方法研究  

Research on Ball Screw Load Prediction Method Based on Electrical Contacts

作　　者：张立泉 欧屹[1] 邢鑫佳 冯虎田[1] 谢经伦 ZHANG Liquan;OU Yi;XING Xinjia;FENG Hutian;XIE Jinglun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2024年第12期111-116,122,共7页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51905274)。

摘　　要：在分析了滚珠丝杠副内滚珠滚道电接触理论的基础上,提出一种通过测量电阻预测滚珠丝杠副负载的研究方法,为滚珠丝杠副负载状态感知提供了新的思路。现有负载感知方法是离线完成的,即将滚珠丝杠副拆卸下来安装在专用测试试验台上,借由力传感器检测,体积较大且不利于中小型丝杠检测,因此需要采用负载时能产生变化且检测传感器体积小的物理量进行检测,即电阻。首先,基于赫兹接触理论建立滚珠丝杠副接触受力模型;然后,建立在考虑加工误差、几何误差等误差引起的附加载荷下的滚珠载荷分布模型,总结出负载、预紧力与变形量的数值计算公式;最后,基于电接触的Greenwood和Williamson理论,提出理想的滚珠丝杠副电路模型,建立滚珠丝杠副负载预测模型。以3205-4-P2-405变导程滚珠丝杠副为例,采用滚珠丝杠副额定静载荷及静刚度试验台展开试验验证。试验结果与理论计算值最大误差5.88%,最小误差0.69%,证明了所提出的基于电接触测量的滚珠丝杠副负载模型的准确性,为滚珠丝杠健康状态评估和寿命预测提供参考依据。On the basis of analyzing the theory of electric contact of ball raceway in ball screw vice,a research method of predicting the load and preload force of ball screw vice by measuring resistance is proposed,which provides a new idea for the load state sensing of ball screw vice.Existing load sensing methods are done offline,the ball screw sub is disassembled and mounted on a special test bench,and detected by a force sensor,which is large and not conducive to the detection of small and medium-sized screws.Therefore,it is necessary to use a physical quantity that can produce changes when loaded and detect a small sensor size for detection,electrical resistance.Translated with DeepL.com(free version)Firstly,a ball screw sub contact force model is established based on the Hertz contact theory;then a ball load distribution model is established under the consideration of the additional load caused by machining error,geometrical error and other errors,and the numerical calculation formulas for the load,preload and deformation are summarized;finally,based on the Greenwood and Williamson theories of the electrical contact,an ideal ball screw sub circuit model is proposed to establish the The prediction model of load,preload force of ballscrew sub.Taking 3205-4-P2-405 variable lead ballscrew sub as an example,the rated static load and static stiffness test bench of ballscrew sub is used to carry out test verification.The maximum error between the test results and the theoretical calculated values is 5.88%,and the minimum error is 0.69%,which proves the accuracy of the proposed load and preload model of variable lead ballscrew sub based on electrical contact measurement.

关 键 词：滚珠丝杠副 电导率 负载 预紧力 载荷分布 接触电阻 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG66[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]