工业遗产元治理模式探析——以美国“钢铁之河”国家遗产区为例  

The Meta-Governance Model of Industrial Heritage:A Case Study of Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area

作　　者：张骁虎 Zhang Xiaohu(School of Philosophy,History and Culture,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学碧泉书院·哲学与历史文化学院

出　　处：《文化软实力研究》2024年第6期103-114,共12页Studies on Cultural Soft Power

基　　金：2022年度湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题“美国‘锈带化’城市转型历程研究”(XSP22YBZ079)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：工业遗产治理普遍采用科层制治理、市场化治理、社会化网络治理等基本治理模式,这些模式均存在治理失灵的风险。工业遗产治理需要超越传统模式,采取元治理策略,在元治理者的协调下,综合运用多种治理模式实现工业遗产的有效保护和开发。美国宾夕法尼亚州“钢铁之河”国家遗产区以“钢铁之河”遗产公司为“元治理者”,协调政府、企业、社会等多层次治理主体,构建治理伙伴关系网络,统筹治理目标的一致性,综合运用多种治理模式,采用直接参与和间接影响的方式,构建起工业遗产元治理模式。在元治理模式指导下,“钢铁之河”国家遗产区通过工业遗址保护、交通设施建设、大众教育和宣传、经济和社区振兴、非物质文化遗产保护等治理措施,实现工业遗产的可持续发展。美国“钢铁之河”国家遗产区元治理模式启发我国工业遗产治理需要结合自身的国情和实际,在推动国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的背景下,构建中国特色工业遗产元治理体系。Industrial heritage governance generally adopts basic governance models such as bureaucracy governance,marketization governance and social network governance,which all have the risk of governance failure.Industrial heritage governance needs to go beyond the traditional model,adopt a meta-governance strategy,and comprehensively use a variety of governance models to achieve effective protection and development of industrial heritage under the coordination of meta-administrators.The Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area(RSNHA)in Pennsylvania takes the Rivers of Steel Heritage Corporation(RSHC)as the“meta-governor”,coordinates the government,enterprises,society and other multi-level governance subjects,builds a governance partnership network,coordinates the consistency of governance objectives,comprehensively uses multiple governance models,and adopts direct participation and indirect influence to build a meta-governance model of industrial heritage.Under the guidance of the meta-governance model,the RSNHA realizes the sustainable development of industrial heritage through industrial site protection,transportation facilities construction,public education and publicity,economic and community revitalization,intangible cultural heritage protection and other governance measures.The RSNHA's meta-governance model inspired China's industrial heritage governance needs to combine its own national conditions and realities,in the context of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,to build a Chinese characteristics of the industrial heritage meta-governance system.

关 键 词：工业遗产 元治理 美国 “钢铁之河”国家遗产区 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] K887.12[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]