锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的研究进展与标准化现状  

Research Progress and Standardization Construction Investigation of Silicon Carbon Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：贾永鹏 樊阳波 朱瑾 李昇 匡猛 王益群[1] JIA Yong-Peng;FAN Yang-Bo;ZHU Jin;LI Sheng;KUANG Meng;WANG Yi-Qun(Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology,Shenzhen 518033)

机构地区：[1]深圳市标准技术研究院,广东深圳518033

出　　处：《现代技术陶瓷》2024年第5期408-416,共9页Advanced Ceramics

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题:规模纳米材料重要技术规格标准研制(2022YFF0609802)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池是一种高能量密度的二次电池,具有使用寿命长、体积小、无记忆效应、倍率性能好的优点,是目前主要的电化学储能设备。石墨是商用的主要负极材料,但限于自身性能的不足,已逐渐不能满足高端应用的技术需求。硅基负极的理论比容量(4200 mA·h/g)远高于石墨负极的理论比容量(372 mA·h/g)且不存在析锂隐患,但首次库伦效率低、固体电解质界面膜不稳定、体积效应大和电导率低等缺点,导致硅基负极的循环稳定性较差,严重限制了实际应用。采用稳定性好和电导率高的碳改性硅基负极,能有效克服上述不足。本文根据对硅碳负极的结构设计,对不同结构的硅碳负极电化学性能进行对比分析;重点聚焦从构效关系出发,指导结构优化设计和标准化建设助力技术创新和产业结构升级的系统性论述。最后,对基于硅碳负极的锂离子电池发展前景和挑战进行展望。lithium-ion batteries,as a high performance and high energy density battery are currently the most important type of electrochemical energy storage device due to their advantages of long service life,small size,no memory effect,and good rate performance.Graphite is the main commercial anode material,however,due to its own performance limitations;it has gradually failed to meet the technical requirements of high-end applications.The theoretical specific capacity(4200 mA·h/g)of the silicon-based anode is much higher than that of the graphite anode(372 mA·h/g),and there is no hidden danger for lithium evolution.However,due to the low initial coulombic efficiency,unstable solid electrolyte interface,large volume effect,and poor electrical conductivity,silicon-based anodes have significant stability problems which seriously limit its practical application.To overcome the above shortcomings,modification of silicon anodes by carbon with good stability and high conductivity is a more commercial approach.In this work,based on the structural design,the electrochemical performances of silicon carbon anode with different structure were compared and analyzed.We focus on the systematic discussion of guiding structural optimization design and standardization constriction to help technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading from the perspective of structure-activity relationship.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of lithium-ion batteries based on silicon carbon anodes in the future are also elucidated.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 硅碳负极 标准化 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]