越南生态用地格局演变及其驱动机制研究  

Research on the evolution and driving mechanism of ecological land pattern in Vietnam

作　　者：赵先超 陈键 谭书佳 ZHAO Xianchao;CHEN Jian;TAN Shujia(College of Urban and Environment,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学城市与环境学院,株洲412007

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2024年第11期53-64,共12页World Regional Studies

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ50057);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(22A0419);湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(2023-08)。

摘　　要：基于越南2000、2010和2020年3期土地利用数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵、标准差椭圆、小波相干模型等方法研究了越南生态用地的组成、格局演变及驱动机制。结果表明(:1)越南生态用地空间分布呈现西北部数量多、东南部数量少的空间格局,在越南生态用地类型中,林地的占比最高,2020年达到生态用地总面积的85.8%,空间集聚特征明显。(2)2000—2020年,越南生态用地面积由190012.06 km^(2)减少到178545.07 km^(2),各个类型的生态用地面积持续而缓慢地减少,生态用地转出面积是转入面积的2.62倍,生态用地转出的主要类型是林地、灌木地转为耕地,生态用地转入的主要类型是耕地转为林地,生态用地转换主要集中在红河三角洲、黄连山脉等地。(3)通过构建“驱动-响应-状态”的驱动机制分析框架,发现农业经济开发是越南生态用地格局受到挤压的主因,城市化、工业化、全球气候变暖是决定越南生态用地转变方向的重要因素,生态保护、生态旅游发展则起到维持并提高越南生态功能的重要作用。In this paper,the land use data of Vietnam in 2000,2010 and 2020 were collected,and the composition,pattern and driving mechanism of ecological land in Vietnam were researched by means of a land use transfer matrix,land use transfer map,standard deviation ellipse and wavelet coherence model.The results show that:1)The spatial distribution of ecological land in Vietnam showed a spatial pattern of a large number in the northwest and a small number in the southeast.Among the types of ecological land in Vietnam,forest land accounted for the highest proportion,reaching 85.8%of the total area of ecological land in 2020,with obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics.2)From 2000 to 2020,the area of ecological land decreased from 190012.06 km^(2)to 178545.07 km^(2),and the area of each type of ecological land decreased continuously and slowly.The area of ecological land transfer was 2.62 times the area of transfer.The main types of ecological land transfer were forest land and shrub land to cultivated land.The main types of ecological land transfer were cultivated land to forest land.The conversion of ecological land was mainly concentrated in the Red River Delta,Huanglian Mountains and other places.3)The evolution of ecological land use patterns is reflected in the driving mechanism of power-response-result.Agricultural economic development is the main reason for the extrusion of ecological land use pattern.Urbanization,industrialization and global climate are important measures to determine the direction of ecological land transformation.Ecological protection and ecotourism development play an engine role in maintaining important functions.

关 键 词：生态用地格局 时空演变 驱动机制 越南 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]