烤烟上部叶成熟度与烟叶僵硬的关系分析  

Relationship between maturity and stiffness of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：湛佳伟 谢良文 刘健康 王地权 贾宏昉[1] ZHAN Jiawei;XIE Liangwen;LIU Jiankang;WANG Diquan;JIA Hongfang(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Chengdu 610041,China;Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company,Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州市450046 [2]中国烟草总公司四川省公司,成都市610041 [3]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,四川西昌市615000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第11期47-57,共11页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技重点项目“提升上部叶烘烤质量的关键技术研究与应用”(SCYC202116);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司重点研发项目“烟草钾高效吸收利用功能基因挖掘及新品系创制”(2022XM06)。

摘　　要：为了揭示烤烟上部叶成熟度与烟叶僵硬的关系,取云烟87的上部烟叶作为试验材料,根据成熟度分为尚熟烟叶(JY)和成熟烟叶(CK)。通过暗箱试验、透射电镜观察和荧光定量PCR检测,从细胞生物学和分子水平上分析了成熟度与僵硬烟叶产生的关系。结果表明:①尚熟烟叶的易烤性和耐烤性差于成熟烟叶。②对两种成熟度烟叶转录组差异基因的GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析发现,差异基因在淀粉和蔗糖代谢中富集较多,表明僵硬烟叶的形成与淀粉和蔗糖代谢密切相关。③细胞超微结构观察发现,尚熟烟叶细胞内淀粉粒和嗜锇颗粒较大且淀粉在烘烤过程中不易降解。④在烟叶变黄期,尚熟烟叶的硬度和淀粉含量显著高于成熟烟叶,呼吸强度和总糖含量显著低于成熟烟叶。⑤烤后烟叶常规化学成分分析发现,尚熟烟叶的淀粉含量显著高于成熟烟叶,总糖、总植物碱和石油醚提取物含量显著低于成熟烟叶。⑥与尚熟烟叶相比,成熟烟叶中淀粉合成关键基因NtAGPS、NtGBSS、NtSS和NtSBE的相对表达量显著降低,而淀粉水解酶基因NtAMML-α和NtAMML-β的相对表达量显著提高。⑦与尚熟烟叶相比,成熟烟叶中糖代谢途径关键基因NtSPS、NtSUS和NtINV的相对表达量显著降低,NtSPP的相对表达量无显著变化。可见,尚熟烟叶叶内淀粉含量较高,且在烘烤过程中难以降解,表明成熟度较差的烤烟上部叶淀粉代谢不充分是导致烘烤后僵硬烟叶比例较高的重要原因之一。To investigate the correlation between maturity and stiffness of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco,the upper leaves of Yunyan 87 were selected as the test material and classified into mature tobacco leaves(JY)and ripe tobacco leaves(CK)according to their maturity.The relationship between maturity and stiffness of tobacco leaves was analyzed at the cell biological and molecular levels through dark box experiments,transmission electron microscopy observation and fluorogenic quantitative PCR techniques.The results showed that:1)The easiness and tolerance of flue-curing of mature tobacco leaves were worse than those of ripe tobacco leaves.2)GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the transcriptome differential genes of tobacco leaves at two maturity levels revealed that differential genes were more enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism,indicating that the formation of stiff tobacco leaves was closely related to starch and sucrose metabolism.3)Cell ultrastructure observation showed that the starch granules and osmiophilic granules were larger in the cells of mature tobacco leaves and the starch granules were hard to degrade during curing process.4)At the yellowing stage,the hardness and starch content of mature tobacco leaves were higher than those of ripe tobacco leaves,while the respiratory intensity and total sugar content of mature tobacco leaves were significantly lower than those of ripe tobacco leaves.5)The analysis of conventional chemical components in cured tobacco leaves showed that the starch content of mature tobacco leaves was significantly higher than that in ripe tobacco leaves,while the contents of total sugar,total alkaloid,and total petroleum ether extract were significantly lower than those in ripe mature leaves.6)Compared with mature tobacco leaves,the relative expressions of NtAGPS,NtGBSS,NtSS and NtSBE,which were key genes for starch synthesis in ripe tobacco leaves,were significantly reduced,while the relative expressions of starch hydrolase genes NtAMML-αand NtAMML-βwere significantly upregu

关 键 词：烤烟 上部叶 成熟度 僵硬烟叶 淀粉 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]