养猪污水多级净化系统底泥细菌群落结构分析  

Analysis of microbial community structure in the sediment of multi-stage purification ponds for swine wastewater treatment systems

作　　者：陈钟佃[1,2] 罗立津 周柳婷[1,2] 黄小云 聂毅磊[3] 黄秀声 翁伯琦[1] 冯德庆[1,2] CHEN Zhongdian;LUO Lijin;ZHOU Liuting;HUANG Xiaoyun;NIE Yilei;HUANG Xiusheng;WENG Boqi;FENG Deqing(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Research Center of Circular Agriculture in Hilly,Fuzhou 350013,China;Fujian Institute of Microbiology,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福州350013 [2]福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心,福州350013 [3]福建省微生物研究所,福州350007

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第11期2657-2667,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：福建省科研院所公益类专项(2022R1021005);福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021010);福建省农业科学院项目(CXTD2021009-1,YDXm202205)。

摘　　要：为探究养猪污水处理系统中多级净化池底泥微生物群落结构及其与底泥环境因子的相互作用,本研究构建了污水生物处理多级净化系统,即:狐尾藻(T1)、大薸(T2)、红萍(T3)、泥鳅(T4)、红金鲳(T5)、莲藕(T6)等。经6个月运行之后,测定底泥理化因子指标和微生物群落结构。结果表明,在所有净化阶段,底泥中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)始终占据主导地位;放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在初始处理阶段(T1)较为丰富,而在后续处理池中大幅减少。蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)的相对丰度变化幅度较大。深入分析发现,有机质和总磷是影响微生物群落结构的关键环境因子,其中有机质含量与Syntrophales目未分类属、Gaiellales菌属和Spirochaeta菌属的丰度呈现出显著的正相关性。此外,反硝化菌Candidatus Competibacter在系统的氮循环中扮演着核心角色。因此,可通过筛选和利用这些特定功能菌进行生物强化,提升污水处理系统的净化效率。To explore the structure of microbial communities in the sediment of multi-stage purification pools within pig farm wastewater treatment systems and their interactions with environmental factors in the sediment,a multi-stage biological treatment and purification system was constructed,including Myriophyllum verticillatum L(T1),Pistia stratiotes L(T2),Azolla pinnata(T3),Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(T4),Pampus argenteus(T5),and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn(T6).After six months of operation,the results of determining the physicochemical indicators of the sediment and the structure of the microbial community showed that throughout all purification stages,the Proteobacteria phylum consistently dominated the sediment;the Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes were more abundant in the initial treatment stage(T1)and significantly reduced in subsequent treatment pools.The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria,Acidobacteriota,and Desulfobacterota fluctuated greatly.In-depth analysis revealed that organic matter and total phosphorus were key environmental factors affecting the structure of microbial communities, with the content of organic matter showing asignificant positive correlation with the abundance of unclassified genera of Syntrophales, Gaiellales, and Spirochaeta. Additionally, thedenitrifying bacterium Candidatus Competibacter played a central role in the nitrogen cycle of the system. Therefore, the purificationefficiency of the sewage treatment system can be improved by screening and using these specific functional bacteria for bioenhancement.

关 键 词：养猪污水 净化池 高通量测序 微生物群落 环境因子 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]