风沙区涵洞翼墙类型对风沙流输移影响的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of influence of wing wall type of expressway culvert on transport of wind-blown sand flow in wind-blown sand area

作　　者：夏天 李生宇[1,2,3] 张璟 崔珂军 XIA Tian;LI Shengyu;ZHANG Jing;CUI Kejun(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Mosuowan Desert Research Station,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Transportation Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering Technology and Transportation Industry in Arid Desert Region,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子832000 [4]新疆交通科学研究院有限责任公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [5]干旱荒漠区公路工程技术交通运输行业重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2024年第12期2154-2165,共12页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：塔里木盆地风沙灾害调查与风险评估(E1160202);面向工程实践的新疆高速公路沙害防治技术方案与应用示范(XJJTZKXFWCG-202401-0043)。

摘　　要：涵洞是主要用来排泄路堤下水流的构造物,而风沙地区道路涵洞普遍面临积沙问题,影响行洪并威胁道路安全,而涵洞口翼墙是影响涵洞积沙的重要因素。为了甄选出可减少涵洞积沙的翼墙类型,构建了一字墙(A)、八字墙(B)、直式墙(C)等三种典型翼墙涵洞模型,对涵洞内外流场特征及积沙过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:(1)涵洞内流场结构及流速因翼墙类型而明显变化,A、B洞内气流主要贴附于涵洞上壁面移动,C洞内气流处于加速状态,洞内整体流速C>B>A。(2)涵洞积沙过程因翼墙类型而明显变化,因A、B的导汇流作用,洞内风沙流浓度较高,易发生积沙,C导流能力弱,在涵洞口及路肩容易积沙;随着来流风速增大,三种涵洞的输沙能力均得到提升,C提升最明显,B其次,A最小。(3)风向对涵洞积沙也有影响,随着斜交角度增大,A、C洞内积沙程度加重而B洞内积沙程度减轻。(4)不同翼墙对风沙流的输移效率不同,洞内积沙程度A>B>C,输沙效率则C>B>A。总体来说,翼墙C有利于减轻涵洞积沙。A culvert is designed to manage water flow beneath an embankment.However,road culverts often en-counter issues with sand accumulation,which disrupts flood flow and jeopardizes road safety.To identify wing wall types that reduce sediment accumulation in culverts,three models were developed—one-sided wall,eight-sided wall,and straight wall.Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the outflow field and the sediment accumulation processes for each model.The results indicate the following:(1)The struc-ture and velocity of the flow field in the culvert vary significantly based on the wing wall type.In cavities A and B,airflow primarily adheres to the upper wall of the culvert,while in cavity C,the airflow is accelerated.Overall,the velocity in the cavities is ranked as C>B>A.(2)The process of sediment accumulation in the culvert varies significantly based on the wing wall type.Wing walla A and B effectively guide airflow,leading to a high concen-tration of wind-sand flow within the culvert,making sand accumulation more likely.Conversely,wall C exhibits a weaker diversion ability,accumulating sand primarily at the culvert mouth and shoulder.As incoming wind speed increased,the sand transport capacity of the three culverts improved,with wall C showing the most signifi-cant increase,followed by wall B and wall A showing the least.(3)Wind direction also affects sediment accumu-lation in the culvert.As the oblique angle increased,sediment accumulation in cavities A and C also increased,while sediment accumulation in cavity B decreased.(4)The transport efficiency varies among different wing walls,with sand accumulation in the cavities ranked as A>B>C,while transport efficiency is ranked as C>B>A.Overall,wing wall C was most effective at reducing sand accumulation in the culvert.

关 键 词：道路涵洞 流场分布 风沙流 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U449[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]