国际商事仲裁强制性规定适用问题研究  

Research on the Application of Mandatory Rules in International Commercial Arbitration

作　　者：高薇[1] Gao Wei

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第6期283-302,共20页China Legal Science

摘　　要：强制性规定的适用是国际商事仲裁中最普遍和最复杂的问题之一。这源自当事人意思自治原则、强制性规定所体现的国家公权力,以及仲裁员平衡二者以作出具有可执行性裁决义务三者间的紧张关系。在国际仲裁理论和实践中,对于仲裁庭应当如何适用强制性规定,尚缺乏统一做法和理论共识,但强制性规定普遍存在于合同准据法、仲裁地法及除二者之外的第三国法律中,并能直接威胁仲裁的效力,必须予以关注。我国法律欠缺对仲裁实体法律适用的详细规定,各仲裁机构对强制性规定的适用规则差异较大。法律适用规则上欠缺确定性和可预见性,不利于当事人选择中国仲裁,也与我国当前大力发展国际仲裁事业的总体要求脱节。建议从国际商事仲裁的特性出发,参考国际仲裁实践和理论,不直接在《仲裁法》和仲裁规则中体现强制性规定的内容,而由仲裁庭在裁量范围内斟酌决定强制性规定的适用。The application of mandatory rules is one of the most common and complicated issues in international commercial arbitration.This stems from the tense relationship between the principle of party autonomy,the state's public power reflected in mandatory rules,and the arbitrator's obligation to balance the two to make enforceable awards.In the theory and practice of international arbitration,there is still a lack of unified practice and theoretical consensus on how the arbitral tribunal should apply mandatory rules.However,mandatory rules generally exist in the law applicable to the contract,the law applicable at the seat of the arbitration,and the law of the third country,which can directly threaten the effectiveness of arbitration and must be paid attention to.The law in China lacks detailed rules on the application of substantive arbitration laws,and there are significant differences in the application of mandatory rules among arbitration institutions.The inadequacy of certainty and predictability in the rules of application of law is not conducive to parties in the selection of Chinese arbitration,and is also inconsistent with the China's overall requirements to develop international arbitration.It is suggested to start from the attributes of international commercial arbitration,refer to the practice and theory of international arbitration,and not directly reflect the content of mandatory rules in the Arbitration Law and arbitration rules.Instead,the application of mandatory rules should be determined by the arbitration tribunal within its discretion.

关 键 词：国际商事仲裁 强制性规定 优先性强制条款 公共政策 

分 类 号：D997.4[政治法律—国际法学]