宋代川南地区的族类身份与民族交融  

Ethnic Identity and Integration in Southern Sichuan during the Song Dynasty

作　　者：张兢兢 Zhang Jingjing

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江省湖州市313000

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第6期96-109,M0004,M0005,共16页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中古南方边地族群变迁与国家治理研究”(20CZS024)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从《新唐书·南平獠传》到《宋史·蛮夷传》,川南戎、泸、渝诸州非华夏族类的主体身份由“葛獠”“南平獠”转变为“诸夷”“诸蛮”,为观察宋代巴蜀的民族交融提供了重要视角。在宋代,作为晋唐间川南主要族类的“獠”,其政治文化形态出现了几种类型的分化:第一,川南正州县的僚人基本纳入“华夏政治体”,成为普通的编户齐民;第二,川南羁縻州的“开边”,使僚人与其他内附诸族互相交融,形成依附宋廷的“属夷”,并逐步编入寨堡体系,与“汉民”杂居;第三,随着唐宋间乌蛮北上与羌人东来,填补了僚人入蜀后南中北部的力量空白,留居的“生僚”与“羌蛮”混杂,形成华夷周边的“外蛮”。宋代川南的族类身份呈现出“华夏中心——内属诸夷——缘边诸蛮”的圈层结构,体现了西南地区民族交融的历史进程。From the New Book of Tang:Biography of Nanping Laoto the History of Song:Biography of Manyi,the main identity of non-Huaxia ethnic groups in the Rong,Lu,and Yu prefectures of southern Sichuan had shifted from “Ge Liao”and “Nanping Liao”to“various Yi”and“various Man”,providing an important perspective for observing the ethnic integration of Bashu in the Song Dynasty.As the main ethnic group in southern Sichuan during the Jin and Tang dynasties,the“Liao people”showed several types of political and cultural differentiation in the Song Dynasty.Firstly,the “Liao people”in formal prefectures and counties in southern Sichuan were incorporated into the “Huaxia political system”and became ordinary Bianhuqimin.Secondly,the“opening of borders”in the southern Sichuan border prefectures allowed the “Liao people”to blend with other vassal tribes,forming a“vassal Yi”system that was dependent on the Song court,and gradually incorporated into the fortress system,coexisting with the“Han people”.Thirdly,during the Tang and Song dynasties,as the“Wuman”moved north and the“Qiang people”came east,they filled the power gap in the northern parts of Nanzhong after the“Liao people”entered Sichuan.The indigenous tribes of“Liao people”who stayed here were mixed with the“Qiang and Man”,forming the“Outer Man”who surrounded Hua and Yi.The ethnic identity in southern Sichuan during the Song Dynasty presented a special structure of“Huaxia center,internal Yi,peripheral Man”,reflecting the historical process of ethnic integration in the southwest region.

关 键 词：宋代 川南 “夷” “蛮” 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] C95[历史地理—中国史]