解释大脑:神经科学中的机制解释  

Explaining the Brain:Mechanistic Explanation in Neuroscience

作　　者：张萍[1] 梁钰 ZHANG Ping;LIANG Yu(School of Marxism,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学马克思主义学部,长春130024

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2024年第6期8-14,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“当代科学理解理论的演进逻辑与前沿问题研究”(21BZX043)。

摘　　要：科学解释问题是科学哲学研究的核心问题之一,科学哲学家们从不同进路提出了若干种类的科学解释理论。其中,新机制主义代表人物卡尔·克瑞沃关注于神经科学中的机制解释问题,并在重新诠释机制概念的基础上,建构了构成性机制解释理论。这一理论强调解释项是表征该现象的机制,由实体和活动组织在一起,完整的机制解释需要确保机制与待解释现象具有构成相关关系,而构成相关关系则可以运用相互可操作性阐释理论来阐明。相比于其他科学解释模型,构成性机制解释更符合神经科学实践,也能够充分合理地解释一些神经科学现象,但其也存在一定的理论困境,可以尝试完善和扩展机制解释的内涵,以适应更广泛的科学实践。Scientific explanation is a key problem in philosophy of science,philosophers of science have proposed several kinds of scientific explanation theories from different approaches.Among them,the representative of New Mechanism,Carl F.Craver,focuses on the problem of mechanistic explanation in neuroscience,and builds consti⁃tutive mechanistic explanation theory on the basis of reinterpreting mechanism concept.This mechanistic explana⁃tion theory emphasizes that explanans is the mechanism that characterizes the phenomenon.This Mechanism is or⁃ganized by entities and activities.A complete mechanistic explanation needs to ensure that constitutive relationship is between mechanism and explanandum phenomenon,and the constitutive relationship can also be illuminated by the mutually manipulable theory.Compared with other scientific explanation models,constitutive mechanistic ex⁃planation is more suitable for neuroscience practice,it can also explain some neuroscience phenomena fully and reasonably,however,it also has some theoretical problems.We can try to improve and expand the mechanistic ex⁃planation connotation to fit into broader scientific practice.

关 键 词：构成性机制解释 构成相关关系 相互可操作性阐释 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]