偏见VS科学?——评述霍伊尔的宇宙学思想  

Prejudice VS.Science?——Comment on Hoyle’s Cosmological Ideas

作　　者：吴玉梅 夏艳 WU Yu-mei;XIA Yan(Institute for History of Science and Technology,School of Marxism,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学马克思主义学院科技史研究所,江苏镇江212100

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2024年第6期79-86,共8页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金“现代宇宙学的历史研究”(21YJC770027);江苏省高校哲学社科基金“人择原理与现代宇宙学的历史研究”(2020MY0063WJ)。

摘　　要：霍伊尔(Fred Hoyle)在现代宇宙学的发展中具有非常独特的地位。一方面,他对当前的宇宙范式——大爆炸宇宙模型作了很多重要的贡献;另一方面,他也是大爆炸模型最激烈和长期的反对者之一。文章通过考察霍伊尔对大爆炸模型三大主要反对理由:1.大爆炸模型中宇宙存在的有限性;2.大爆炸模型中观察宇宙的微调性;3.宇宙模型与天文学观察之间关系的非确定性,从而指出,霍伊尔对主流宇宙学虽然存在一定的偏见,但主要原因还是大爆炸理论本身存在的问题,这使得霍伊尔相信存在其他的宇宙理论。霍伊尔对现代宇宙学的这些思考,至今仍然是宇宙学前沿领域和新兴宇宙学哲学研究的基本内容。Fred Hoyle occupies a very unique position in the development of modern cosmology.On the one hand,he made a lot of important contributions to the current cosmological paradigm-the Big Bang model;on the other hand,he was also one of the fiercest and long-term opponents of the Big Bang model.In this paper,three main objections of Hoyle to the Big Bang model are investigated:1.the finiteness of the existence of universe in the Big Bang model;2.the fine-tuning of the observable universe in the Big Bang model;3.the uncertainty of the rela⁃tionship between the cosmological model and astronomical observation.Furthermore,this article points out that al⁃though Hoyle had a certain bias towards mainstream cosmology,the main reason was the problems with the Big Bang theory that led Hoyle to believe the existence of other theories of the universe.These thoughts of Hoyle on modern cosmology continue to be fundamental aspects in the frontier field of cosmology and the emerging research of philosophy of cosmology.

关 键 词：稳恒态宇宙模型 大爆炸宇宙模型 微调 人择原理 霍伊尔 

分 类 号：P109[天文地球—天文学]