土壤改良剂对低湖冷浸田土壤特性及水稻生长的影响  

Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Characteristics and Rice Growth in Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field

作　　者：汪本福 余振渊 宋平原 张作林 张枝盛 李阳 苏章锋 郑中春 程建平 Wang Benfu;Yu Zhenyuan;Song Pingyuan;Zhang Zuolin;Zhang Zhisheng;Li Yang;Su Zhangfeng;Zheng Zhongchun;Cheng Jianping(Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;College of Agronomy,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Qianjiang,Qianjiang 433100,Hubei,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Qianjiang,Qianjiang 433100,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室/农业农村部作物分子育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [3]潜江市农业技术推广中心,湖北潜江433100 [4]潜江市农业农村局,湖北潜江433100

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第6期126-131,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-99);湖北省第四批现代农业产业技术体系项目(2023HBSTX4-01)。

摘　　要：低湖冷浸田具有土壤通气透水性差、土壤还原性强、有效养分缺乏等特点。以湖北省典型潜育型低湖冷浸田为研究对象,探讨土壤改良剂对土壤特性、水稻根系特征及产量的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥处理(CK)相比,施用土壤改良剂(T1处理)通过增加有效穗数和结实率使产量提高16.76%;显著促进了水稻根系生长发育,总根长增加14.0%,根鲜重增加27.1%,根干重增加28.5%,根体积增加21.5%;并有效降低了冷浸田还原性,增强土壤氧化特性,氧化还原电位提高16.3%,土壤还原性物质总量降低1.86 cmol/kg,活性还原物质降低2.19 cmol/kg;还可增加土壤有效养分含量,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高11.0%、28.5%和39.2%。化肥减量20%配施土壤调理剂(T2处理)后,水稻减产4.98%,但未达显著水平,总根长增加5.0%,根鲜重增加9.3%,根干重增加18.6%,根体积增加8.3%;并使土壤还原性物质总量降低1.95 cmol/kg,活性还原物质降低2.24 cmol/kg,氧化还原电位提高13.9%,亦降低了土壤还原性。综上,施用土壤改良剂可减轻低湖冷浸田还原性,提高土壤氧化特性,改善根系生长发育,提高土壤有效养分供应,增产效果显著。The characteristics of cold waterlogged paddy field were poor soil ventilation and permeability,strong soil reducibility,and lack of effective nutrients.This study focuses on the typical cold waterlogged paddy fields in Hubei province,exploring the effects of different fertilizer application rates combined with soil amendments on soil characteristics,rice roots,and yield.The results showed that compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer(CK)treatment,the application of soil amendments(T1 treatment)increased yield by 16.76%by increasing the number of effective panicles and seed-setting rate,significantly promoted the growth and development of rice roots,with 14.0%increase in total root length,27.1%increase in fresh root weight,28.5%increase in dry root weight,and 21.5%increase in root volume.And it effectively reduced the reducibility of cold waterlogged paddy fields,enhanced soil oxidation characteristics,increased the redox potential by 16.3%,reduced the total amount of soil reducing substances by 1.86 cmol/kg,and reduced active reducing substances by 2.19 cmol/kg.Increase the content of soil available nutrients,with alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium increasing 11.0%,28.5%and 39.2%,respectively.After reducing fertilizer by 20%and applying soil amendments(T2 treatment),the yield decreased by 4.98%,but the reduction did not reach significant level.The total root length increased by 5.0%,fresh root weight increased by 9.3%,the dry root weight increased by 18.6%,and root volume increased by 8.3%.The total amount of soil reducing substances was decreased by 1.95 cmol/kg,the active reducing substances were decreased by 2.24 cmol/kg,the redox potential was increased by 13.9%,and reduced soil reducing ability.In summary,the application of soil amendments can significantly increase yield,because it reduce the reducibility of cold waterlogged paddy fields,improve soil oxidation characteristics,improve root growth and development,increase effective nutrient supply in

关 键 词：水稻 土壤改良剂 冷浸田 氧化还原电位 土壤理化性状 产量 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]