黄淮海平原夏玉米生长季气候资源分配与利用特征  

Characteristics of Climate Resources Distribution and Utilization during the Growth Period of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

作　　者：张金鑫 葛均筑 李从锋[2] 周宝元[2] Zhang Jinxin;Ge Junzhu;Li Congfeng;Zhou Baoyuan(College of Agronomy&Resource and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第6期162-170,共9页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300803);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-12)。

摘　　要：为明确黄淮海地区夏玉米生育期内气候资源分配与利用特征,进一步提升夏玉米产量潜力和气候资源利用效率,利用2017-2018年黄淮海区域6个代表性测试点连续2年田间试验数据,分析了夏玉米高产形成与生长季光温水资源分配的关系。结果表明,年际间、区域间夏玉米产量差异显著,差异主要来自于千粒重差异。宁津试验点2年中产量与千粒重均较高,分别高于其他试验点6.42%~49.77%和3.43%~38.34%。气候资源的差异是造成区域间夏玉米产量差异的主要原因。产量与花前积温量、降水量和全生育期降水量呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与花后积温量呈极显著负相关关系,即在花前和花后有效积温不超过878.3℃与726.6℃,全生育期降水量在174~510 mm范围内增加花前降雨分配,有利于获得较高的夏玉米产量。说明与全生育期积温和降水总量比,花前和花后积温和降雨分配对产量形成的影响更大。可见,优化花前/花后气候资源分配,提高玉米生长与气候资源的匹配度,可作为缓解气候变化影响、进一步提高黄淮海夏玉米产量和气候资源利用效率的重要措施。In order to clarify the characteristics of climate resource distribution and utilization during the growth period of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region,and improve the yield potential and utilization efficiency of climate resource,this study analyzed the relationship between high yield formation of summer maize and allocation of light,temperature and water resources in growing season using the data of six representative test sites in Huang-Huai-Hai area from 2017 to 2018.The results showed that there were significant differences in summer maize yield between years and regions,and the difference in yield was mainly due to the difference in 1000-kernel weight.The two-year yield and 1000-kernel weight of Ningjin test site were higher than those of other test sites about 6.42%-49.77%and 3.43%-38.34%,respectively.The difference of climatic resources was the main reason for the difference of summer maize yield between regions.The yield showed significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with pre-flowering accumulated temperature,precipitation and precipitation during the whole growth period,and extremely significantly negative correlation with post-flowering accumulated temperature.That was,when the effective pre-flowering and post-flowering accumulated temperature did not exceed 878.3℃and 726.6℃respectively,increasing the pre-flowering rainfall within the range of 174-510 mm during the whole growth period precipitation was beneficial to obtain higher summer maize yield.The results showed that the accumulated temperature and rainfall distribution before and after flowering had greater influence on the yield formation than the total accumulated temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period.Therefore,optimizing the pre-flowering/post-flowering climate resource allocation and improving the matching degree between maize growth and climate resources could be taken as an important measure to mitigate the impact of climate change and further improve the yield of summer maize and the utilizati

关 键 词：夏玉米 产量 气候资源分配 资源利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S162.3