无人机飞播时期及播种方式对冬油菜产量、品质和经济效益的影响  

Effects of UAV Aerial Seeding Period and Seeding Methods on Yield, Quality and Economic Benefits of Winter Oilseed Rape

作　　者：赵希梅 李琪[2] 严如玉 向风云 李雅琼 李绪勋 邹家龙 李继福[1] Zhao Ximei;Li Qi;Yan Ruyu;Xiang Fengyun;Li Yaqiong;Li Xuxun;Zou Jialong;Li Jifu(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,Hubei,China;Jingzhou District Agricultural Technology and Service Center,Jingzhou 434020,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]湖北省荆州区农业技术服务中心,湖北荆州434020

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第6期179-185,共7页Crops

基　　金：农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室项目(ZWS202302);农业农村部油菜种植补贴项目(J2022015)。

摘　　要：探讨不同无人机飞播时期及播种方式对冬油菜生长、产量、品质、养分吸收和经济效益的影响,为长江流域冬油菜轻简化生产提供参考依据。在江汉平原荆州市进行田间试验,共设6个处理,即飞播不施肥处理(CK)、人工撒播处理(T1)、谷林套种飞播处理(T2)和稻后飞播1(T3)、2(T4)、3(T5)处理。结果表明,与CK相比,T3、T4、T5处理均可显著增加冬油菜产量、生物量和改善农艺性状,尤以T3处理效果最好。与T1处理相比,施肥处理可以提高冬油菜的生长指标和含油量。T3、T4、T5处理高油酸和亚油酸含量平均值较CK平均高出9.9%和3.6%。综合考虑冬油菜的产量、养分吸收、品质和经济效益等指标,稻后不同播期处理中T3和T4处理效果最好,即在江汉平原地区,中稻收获后飞播油菜的最佳时期为9月底至10月中旬,可获得较高产量、品质和收益。Explore the effects of different UAV aerial seeding periods and seeding methods on the growth,yield,quality,nutrient uptake and economic benefits of winter oilseed rape,so as to provide a reference basis for the simplified production of winter oilseed rape in the Yangtze River Basin.A field demonstration trial was conducted in Jingzhou City,Jianghan Plain,with six treatments,i.e.,aerial seeding without fertiliser(CK),manual spreading(T1),aerial seeding in cereal forest sets(T2)and aerial seeding after paddy 1(T3),2(T4)and 3(T5)treatments.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,T3,T4 and T5 treatments could significantly increase the yield,biomass and improve agronomic traits of winter oilseed rape,especially T3 treatment had the best effect.Compared with T1 treatment,the fertiliser treatment could improve the growth index and oil content of winter oilseed rape.The average contents of high oleic acid and linoleic acid of T3,T4 and T5 treatments were 9.9%and 3.6%higher than CK treatment.Considering the yield,nutrient uptake,quality and economic benefits of winter oilseed rape indicators,the T3 and T4 treatments were the most effective among the different seeding treatments after rice,i.e.,in the Jianghan Plain,the optimal period for aerial seeding oilseed rape after the harvest of mid-season rice was from the end of September to the middle of October,which could increase yield,quality and benefits.

关 键 词：冬油菜 飞播时期 产量 养分吸收 品质 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]