儿童尘螨变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗的研究进展  

Research progress on subcutaneous specific immunotherapy of dust mite allergens in children

作　　者：刘晓 李佳钰 陈壮桂[1,2] 张萍萍[1,2] LIU Xiao;LI Jiayu;CHEN Zhuanggui;ZHANG Pingping(Children’s Medical Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Allergy,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第三医院儿童医学中心,广东广州510630 [2]中山大学附属第三医院过敏科,广东广州510630

出　　处：《新医学》2024年第11期936-943,共8页Journal of New Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32370191)。

摘　　要：变应原特异性免疫治疗(AIT)是通过诱导过敏原特异性免疫耐受来改变过敏性疾病进程的唯一对因治疗方法,由于全过程标准化质量高,更加精准可控,AIT中的变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗(SCIT)已成为目前国内各大过敏中心采用的最主要的脱敏方式。然而常规治疗方案初始阶段存在局限性,患者需要每周返院注射,针次多、时间长,为此,临床工作者一直在探索SCIT的优化治疗方案。尘螨是儿童致敏率最高的吸入性过敏原,文章就儿童尘螨变应原SCIT的不同优化方案和临床应用进展进行综述,以期为SCIT的实施提供更充分的临床依据。梳理文献后发现,相较于常规治疗方案,加速递增方案有助于提高治疗依从性。但目前诸如冲击免疫治疗、单一浓度加速递增方案的研究样本量普遍较小,因此尚需要更大样本量、研究方案更完善的大型研究来提供可靠的数据支持。Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is the only etiological treatment method that alters the course of allergic diseases by inducing allergen-specific immune tolerance.Subcutaneous specific immunotherapy(SCIT),due to its standardized process and high-quality control,has become the most predominant desensitization method in major allergy centers across the country.However,there are limitations in the initial phase of conventional treatment plans,requiring patients to return to the hospital weekly for injections,which involves a high number of needle sticks and a lengthy duration.Consequently,clinical practitioners have been continuously exploring optimized treatment strategies for SCIT.Dust mites are the most common inhalant allergens causing sensitization in children,this article reviews the different optimization strategies and clinical application progress of dust mite allergen SCIT in children,aiming to provide a more comprehensive clinical basis for the implementation of SCIT.After reviewing the literature,it was found that compared with the conventional treatment regimen,the accelerated escalation regimen was helpful to improve treatment compliance.However,at present,the sample size of studies such as rush immunotherapy and single accelerated concentration escalation schemes is generally small,so large-scale studies with larger sample size and more complete research are still needed to provide reliable data support.

关 键 词：儿童 过敏性疾病 尘螨 变应原免疫治疗 皮下特异性免疫治疗 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科]